A comparison of safety benefits of pedestrian countdown signals with and without pushbuttons in Michigan

Boateng, Richard Atta; Kwigizile, Valerian; Oh, Jun Seok

doi:10.1080/15389588.2018.1462493

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The findings of this study implied that efficient and effective RSLA is the vital prerequisite for successful programmes and interventions for RTCs’ injury and fatality reduction. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and World Bank recommend all states must ensure an efficient jurisdictional RSM system 5. Most of the research participants believed that neither of the two agencies ( RSC & HCUTC ) for RSLA in Iran have an effective role as an LA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RSLA has suggested as a vital component for promoting global road safety 3 4. An effective RSLA is critical due to people’s right to road safety, high costs of motorised mobility, preventable nature of road traffic injury and achieving ambitious road safety results 5. It has been emphasised that to achieve effective road safety management and its goals, at first, a lead agency (LA) must be established 6.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Road safety lead agency challenges of three decades of intervention for road safety in Iran: implications for policy-makers

et al. 2022

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BackgroundRoad traffic crashes and associated injuries and mortalities are one of the big public health challenges, especially in low/middle-income countries. Road safety lead agency (RSLA) is a vital factor in the sustainable prevention and promotes road safety. In the recent decades, various policy interventions have been conducted for road safety in Iran. This study aimed at exploring the challenges of RSLA from the perspectives of stakeholders at various levels.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted. In-depth interviews and document reviews were used for data collection. To conduct interviews, different stakeholders at various levels such as policy-makers, senior national authorities, researchers and faculty members were selected. Data collection was conducted between November 2019 and June 2020. Thematic content analysis approach was used for data analysis.ResultsThe experts’ perspectives were analysed and then categorised under five main themes including the role and position of the lead agency, the role and duties of the actors and players, translating policy into practice, intrasectoral and intersectoral cooperation and coordination and evidence production and application and a total of 22 subthemes were identified. The current structure of the RSLA is one of the main challenges emphasised by the research participants.ConclusionTo achieve significant improvements in road safety at the national level, a strong management system and leadership body is a critical issue. Organisational reform to establish an effective unique lead agency is proposed to cope with RSLA challenges.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Road safety lead agency challenges of three decades of intervention for road safety in Iran: implications for policy-makers

et al. 2022

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“…Research was also conducted in the USA on the use of pedestrian buttons at intersections with a PSCT [84], which showed the use of pedestrian buttons reduced the number of traffic incidents with pedestrians. The use of a PSCT alone, without buttons for pedestrians, did not bring about any effect on improved safety.…”

Section: Pedestrian Safety (Vehicle-pedestrian Conflicts)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Impact of Countdown Signal Timers on Driving Behavior and Road Safety

et al. 2021

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This article describes the safety and effectiveness issues related to signal countdown timers (SCT). These devices are used in many countries around the world. The impact of these devices on road safety and the effectiveness of traffic lights is presented. During a literature review, more than 18 aspects of device use were recognized. The research involved measurements carried out at three intersections in Płock (Poland). The initial and final period of the green signal for vehicles was analyzed. Headways, incidences of vehicles passing through after the end of the green signal, and red-light violations were examined. Additionally, a fuel consumption analysis and a case study of a road crash in Szczecin (Poland) are presented. Problems related to signal countdown timers working during traffic light failure are described. The research shows different influences of signal countdown timers at various intersections. It was observed that SCTs increase the number of red-light violations and during the red-amber signal. On the other hand, the number of entries during the amber signal with SCTs is lower. A literature review also indicated that the use of SCT causes a reduction of start-up time (positive impact) and increases vehicle speed (negative impact). The article concludes that SCTs do not always fulfill their role in improving road safety and control efficiency. Conclusions can address various stakeholders, including drivers, road authorities, and traffic engineers.

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Effectiveness of road safety interventions: An evidence and gap map

Goel,

Tiwari,

Varghese

et al. 2024

Campbell Systematic Reviews

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BackgroundRoad Traffic injuries (RTI) are among the top ten leading causes of death in the world resulting in 1.35 million deaths every year, about 93% of which occur in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Despite several global resolutions to reduce traffic injuries, they have continued to grow in many countries. Many high‐income countries have successfully reduced RTI by using a public health approach and implementing evidence‐based interventions. As many LMICs develop their highway infrastructure, adopting a similar scientific approach towards road safety is crucial. The evidence also needs to be evaluated to assess external validity because measures that have worked in high‐income countries may not translate equally well to other contexts. An evidence gap map for RTI is the first step towards understanding what evidence is available, from where, and the key gaps in knowledge.ObjectivesThe objective of this evidence gap map (EGM) is to identify existing evidence from all effectiveness studies and systematic reviews related to road safety interventions. In addition, the EGM identifies gaps in evidence where new primary studies and systematic reviews could add value. This will help direct future research and discussions based on systematic evidence towards the approaches and interventions which are most effective in the road safety sector. This could enable the generation of evidence for informing policy at global, regional or national levels.Search MethodsThe EGM includes systematic reviews and impact evaluations assessing the effect of interventions for RTI reported in academic databases, organization websites, and grey literature sources. The studies were searched up to December 2019.Selection CriteriaThe interventions were divided into five broad categories: (a) human factors (e.g., enforcement or road user education), (b) road design, infrastructure and traffic control, (c) legal and institutional framework, (d) post‐crash pre‐hospital care, and (e) vehicle factors (except car design for occupant protection) and protective devices. Included studies reported two primary outcomes: fatal crashes and non‐fatal injury crashes; and four intermediate outcomes: change in use of seat belts, change in use of helmets, change in speed, and change in alcohol/drug use. Studies were excluded if they did not report injury or fatality as one of the outcomes.Data Collection and AnalysisThe EGM is presented in the form of a matrix with two primary dimensions: interventions (rows) and outcomes (columns). Additional dimensions are country income groups, region, quality level for systematic reviews, type of study design used (e.g., case‐control), type of road user studied (e.g., pedestrian, cyclists), age groups, and road type. The EGM is available online where the matrix of interventions and outcomes can be filtered by one or more dimensions. The webpage includes a bibliography of the selected studies and titles and abstracts available for preview. Quality appraisal for systematic reviews was conducted using a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews, AMSTAR 2.Main ResultsThe EGM identified 1859 studies of which 322 were systematic reviews, 7 were protocol studies and 1530 were impact evaluations. Some studies included more than one intervention, outcome, study method, or study region. The studies were distributed among intervention categories as: human factors (n = 771), road design, infrastructure and traffic control (n = 661), legal and institutional framework (n = 424), post‐crash pre‐hospital care (n = 118) and vehicle factors and protective devices (n = 111). Fatal crashes as outcomes were reported in 1414 records and non‐fatal injury crashes in 1252 records. Among the four intermediate outcomes, speed was most commonly reported (n = 298) followed by alcohol (n = 206), use of seatbelts (n = 167), and use of helmets (n = 66). Ninety‐six percent of the studies were reported from high‐income countries (HIC), 4.5% from upper‐middle‐income countries, and only 1.4% from lower‐middle and low‐income countries. There were 25 systematic reviews of high quality, 4 of moderate quality, and 293 of low quality.Authors' ConclusionsThe EGM shows that the distribution of available road safety evidence is skewed across the world. A vast majority of the literature is from HICs. In contrast, only a small fraction of the literature reports on the many LMICs that are fast expanding their road infrastructure, experiencing rapid changes in traffic patterns, and witnessing growth in road injuries. This bias in literature explains why many interventions that are of high importance in the context of LMICs remain poorly studied. Besides, many interventions that have been tested only in HICs may not work equally effectively in LMICs. Another important finding was that a large majority of systematic reviews are of low quality. The scarcity of evidence on many important interventions and lack of good quality evidence‐synthesis have significant implications for future road safety research and practice in LMICs. The EGM presented here will help identify priority areas for researchers, while directing practitioners and policy makers towards proven interventions.

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A comparison of safety benefits of pedestrian countdown signals with and without pushbuttons in Michigan

Abstract: Although the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (Federal Highway Administration [FHWA] 2009 ) requires the use of PCSs at new traffic signal installations, this study suggests a safety benefit of installing PCSs with pushbutton at signals where a PCS without a pushbutton is present.

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Road safety lead agency challenges of three decades of intervention for road safety in Iran: implications for policy-makers

Road safety lead agency challenges of three decades of intervention for road safety in Iran: implications for policy-makers

Analysis of the Impact of Countdown Signal Timers on Driving Behavior and Road Safety

Effectiveness of road safety interventions: An evidence and gap map

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