A comparison of rumen fermentation patterns in sheep and goats given a variety of diets

Hadjipanayiotou, M.; Antoniou, T.

doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740341202

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This is probably due to the inclusion of rapidly degradable carbohydrates from barley grain in the concentrate. Similar changes in the fermentation pattern were reported in previous studies including concentrates (Hadjipanayiotou and Antoniou, 1983). The increased VFA production with PEG addition may indicate the presence of tannins in diet LHCO from 2POC, in agreement with other observations on tannins and tanniferous plants in vitro (Makkar et al, 1995), in situ (Silanikove et al, 1996) and in vivo (Silanikove et al, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Fermentation characteristics and microbial growth promoted by diets including two‐phase olive cake in continuous fermenters

Moumen

Yáñez-Ruíz

Martín-García

et al. 2007

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Two-phase olive cake (2POC) is the by-product obtained from the so called 'two-phase' procedure to extract olive oil by mechanical methods. After the mechanical extraction the 2POC is dried and most of the remaining oil extracted by chemical means. The production of the crude by-product may reach more than 4 millions t/year in Spain (MAPA, 2003), most of it in areas (Southeast) with shortage of pastures and conventional feeds for ruminants. Six continuous fermenters, inoculated with ruminal liquor from wethers or goats, were fed lucerne hay (LH); LH plus a concentrate including dried two-phase olive cake (LHCO) and; diet LHCO added with polyethylene glycol (LHCOP). The highest pH values and ammonia N (NH(3)-N) output were found in fermenters fed diet LH (6.19 and 6.35 for pH, and 53.7 and 68.9 mg NH(3)N/day, respectively, in fermentes inoculated with rumen liquor from sheep and goats) without differences due to the inoculum origin. The digestibility of carbohydrates (CHO) was affected (p < 0.001) by inoculum (67.0 and 58.8%, respectively, for goats and wethers) the lowest values being for diet LHCO (53.2 and 57.0% with inoculum from wethers and goats, respectively). The main volatile fatty acid (VFA) was acetic acid with higher (p < 0.01) values in fermenters with inoculum from goats than from wethers (80.2 and 63.0 mmol/day respectively). The efficiency of bacterial protein synthesis (EBS) was not different (p > 0.05) with inoculum from wethers and goats [26.4 and 28.1 and 35.2 and 33.5 g bacterial N/kg digested CHO, respectively, obtained by using diamino pimelic acid (DAPA) and purine bases (PB) as microbial markers]. The lowest (p < 0.05) values were found in fermenters fed diets LHCOP and LH, estimated, respectively, from DAPA and PB (21.9 and 29.0 g bacterial N/kg digested CHO). The substitution of a part of lucerne hay by a concentrate including dried 2POC does not seem to cause important differences in efficiency of VFA production. Results concerning bacterial protein synthesis are not so clear since values estimated from DAPA and PB did not show similar trends. Neither inoculum origin nor PEG had important effects on fermentation characteristics. The DAPA could be an adequate marker in continuous fermenters, with comparative purposes, as protozoa are not present and, estimated protein synthesis values are similar to those obtained in vivo with similar diets using urinary excretion of PD (Yáñez Ruiz et al., 2004b). Further research is needed to state the optimal proportion of 2POC in practical diets for ruminants at both maintenance and production stages.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Fermentation characteristics and microbial growth promoted by diets including two‐phase olive cake in continuous fermenters

Moumen

Yáñez-Ruíz

Martín-García

et al. 2007

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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“…The similar molar proportions of acetic and propionic in both species agree in general with previous results (Hadjipanayiotou & Antoniou, 1983). In the current study, however, the proportions of butyric and isobutyric acids tended to be higher in goats possibly because the animals were individually fed while in the previous study the goats might have consumed less concentrate mixture as both species were grouped fed in one pen.…”

Section: S Gsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…One tenth of the daily output of faeces and of urine was stored ( -20 °C) to provide a bulk sample of each at the end of each collection period. Rumen liquor samples were taken by a stomach tube 3 h postfeeding and were processed and analysed as outlined by Hadjipanayiotou & Antoniou (1983).…”

Section: Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The digestibility by sheep and goats of five roughages offered alone or with concentrates

Antoniou

Hadjipanayiotou

1985

J. Agric. Sci.

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The digestive efficiency, rumen fermentation pattern, nitrogen balance, water intake and urine excretion were compared using four mature vasectomized Chios rams and four Damascus goats for each of five roughages (barley, lucerne or sudax hay, barley straw and leaves and twigs of acacia) offered alone or with concentrates (1:1 ratio), at approximately the maintenance energy level.There were no species differences in the apparent digestibility of nutrients when the roughages were offered alone except for the significantly higher digestibility of dry matter, organic matter (OM), and gross energy (GE) of straw by goats. Sheep exceeded goats significantly in the digestibility of D.M., OM, GE and crude protein (CP) of lucerne hay plus concentrate and of CP when barley hay or sudax hay were supplemented with concentrate.Compared with sheep, goats tended to consume more D.M. per kg W 0 "' 6 and drink less water and excrete less urine, but significant differences for water were obtained only with barley straw plus concentrate and for urine with barley hay and acacia.Daily protein retention (g/kg W 0 ' 75 ) was consistently lower in goats than sheep but significant difference was obtained with acacia and with lucerne hay or straw plus concentrate. These results would suggest that Damascus goats require more protein for maintenance than sheep.Compared with sheep, goats had significantly higher rumen NH 3 -N concentration with both acacia diets but lower with lucerne hay.Total VFA concentration tended to be higher in sheep with all diets, but significance was observed only with barley hay although rumen pH was lower (acacia diets) or similar compared with goats. The molar proportion of acetic was significantly higher in sheep than goats with barley hay plus concentrate. Goats exceeded sheep significantly in the proportion of propionic with straw, of butyric with both barley hay and sudax hay plus concentrate diets, and of isobutyric with barley hay or acacia plus concentrate; with the other diets goats tended to have higher proportions of butyric and isobutyric.

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“…Average pH values were unaffected (P = 0.63) by F (Table 4), but a F:C effect was evident (P < 0.001) as reported in previous studies with goats (Hadjipanayiotou and Antoniou, 1983;Cerrillo et al, 1999). Greater amounts of starch in high-concentrate diets may yield greater lactic acid concentration (Slyter, 1976), and hence less ruminal pH, compared with low-concentrate Table 2.…”

Section: Ruminal Fermentationsupporting

confidence: 64%

Effects of forage:concentrate ratio and forage type on apparent digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and microbial growth in goats1

Cantalapiedra-Hijar

Yáñez-Ruíz

Martín-García

et al. 2009

Journal of Animal Science

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The effects of forage type and forage:concentrate ratio (F:C) on apparent nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and microbial growth were investigated in goats. A comparison between liquid (LAB) and solid (SAB)-associated bacteria to estimate microbial N flow (MNF) from urinary purine derivative excretion was also examined. Treatments were a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of forage type (grass hay vs. alfalfa hay) and high vs. low F:C (70:30 and 30:70, respectively). Four ruminally cannulated goats were fed, at maintenance intake, 4 experimental diets according to a 4 x 4 Latin square design. High-concentrate diets resulted in greater (P < 0.001) nutrient digestibility except for ADF. However, CP digestibility increased (P < 0.001) only for the high-concentrate diets including grass hay. Likewise, N retention, ruminal NH(3)-N concentration, and urinary excretion of purine derivatives increased (P < 0.05) with increasing concentrate in animals fed diets based on grass hay (0.23 vs. 0.13 g of retained N/g of digested N, 30.1 vs. 12.9 mg of NH(3)-N/100 mL, and 11.5 vs. 8.40 mmol/d, respectively), but not (P > 0.05) when diets included alfalfa hay. Total protozoa numbers and holotricha proportion were greater and less (P < 0.001), respectively, in high- than in low-concentrate diets. The F:C affected (P < 0.001) ruminal pH but not total VFA concentration (P = 0.12). Ammonia-N concentration was similar (P = 0.13) over time, whereas pH, VFA concentration, and protozoa numbers differed (P < 0.001) among diets. Estimated MNF was strongly influenced by using either the purine bases:N ratio obtained in our experimental conditions or values reported in the literature for small ruminants. There was a F:C effect (P = 0.006) on MNF estimated from LAB but not from SAB. The effect of F:C shifting from 70:30 to 30:70 in goat diets depends on the type of forage used. The MNF measured in goats fed different diets was influenced by the bacterial pellet (LAB or SAB). In addition, the purine bases:N ratio values found were different from those reported in the literature, which underlines the need for these variables to be analyzed directly in pellets isolated from specific animals and experimental conditions.

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A comparison of rumen fermentation patterns in sheep and goats given a variety of diets

Cited by 22 publications

References 3 publications

Fermentation characteristics and microbial growth promoted by diets including two‐phase olive cake in continuous fermenters

Fermentation characteristics and microbial growth promoted by diets including two‐phase olive cake in continuous fermenters

The digestibility by sheep and goats of five roughages offered alone or with concentrates

Effects of forage:concentrate ratio and forage type on apparent digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and microbial growth in goats1

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