A comparison of rotating disc electrode, floating electrode technique and membrane electrode assembly measurements for catalyst testing

Martens, Slađjana; Asen, Ludwig; Ercolano, Giorgio; Dionigi, Fabio; Zalitis, Christopher Mark; Hawkins, Alex; Bonastre, Alejandro M.; Seidl, Lukas; Knoll, Alois; Sharman, Jonathan; Strasser, Peter; Jones, Deborah J.; Schneider, Oliver

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.04.084

Cited by 105 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…It has been shown that with respect to mass transport behavior, large nanoparticles (for the same loading) might show considerably poorer performance than 2-3 nm nanoparticles, even if they have excellent activity at low overpotentials. 136 The role of the mesoscale structure, in particular for the reactant diffusion and re-adsorption of intermediates, was demonstrated in the literature for CO 2 electroreduction. 137 In brief, the identication of active surface sites, preparation of stable catalysts with a large number of such sites, and the optimization of the catalyst layer structure are paramount endeavors in contemporary electrocatalyst research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same is true for fuel cells: the performance of an MEA at low currents can be to a certain extent predicted by the characterization of catalyst layers in liquid environments using rotating disc electrodes and, at even higher currents, by the oating electrode technique. 136 For the actual operation in a PEM fuel cell, large areal current and power densities (>1.5 W cm À2 ) are required. Under these conditions, mass transport is crucial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revealing the nature of active sites in electrocatalysis

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing the nature of active sites in electrocatalysis

et al. 2019

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“…[ 113,114 ] The test conditions for the two approaches are significantly different, and therefore brings up new problems and challenges in MEA test. [ 115 ]…”

Section: Characterization Of Sacs: From Rde To Pemfcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Design of Single‐Atom Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Wan

Duan

Huang

2020

Advanced Energy Materials

326

210

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His thesis mainly focuses on developing graphene-based single-atom catalysts and the surface engineering of Pt-based nanostructures for energy conversion and storage. Xiangfeng Duan received his Ph.D. in physical chemistry from Harvard University and his B.S. degree in chemistry from the University of Science and Technology of China. His research group at UCLA focuses on developing new material systems for highly efficient energy harvesting, conversion, and storage via the rational design and nanoscale integration of distinct materials. Taking advantage of unique 2D materials, he conducts research on the facile and controllable synthesis of novel single atoms catalysts for energy demanding applications and investigates their structure-activity relationships at atomic level to improve their catalytic activity for future application in real-life devices. Yu Huang received her Ph.D. in physical chemistry from Harvard University and her B.S. degree in chemistry from the University of Science and Technology of China.Her research group at UCLA explores the unique technological opportunities that result from the structure and assembly of nanoscale building blocks. Focusing at phenomena that occur at molecular level, she aims to unravel the fundamental principles that govern the synthesis and assembly of nanoscale material. Moreover, she uses such principles to design nanostructures and nanodevices with unique functions and properties to address critical challenges in electronics, energy science, and biomedicine.

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“…This methodology is considered a prerequisite before scaling‐up the synthesis and testing the catalyst in a genuine proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). [ 6 ] In many cases, the extrapolation of the catalytic activity from the RDE level to the PEMFC level is not accurate. The very small amount of catalyst produced by colloidal chemistry, and the large dependence of the catalyst size, shape, and metallic composition on synthetic parameters, even the most unexpected ones (as reported in this study), leads to difficulty producing scaled‐up catalyst quantities sufficient for a PEMFC test.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Octahedral to Cuboctahedral Shape Transition in 6 nm Pt₃Ni Nanocrystals for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysis

Zysler

Zitoun

2020

Part & Part Syst Charact

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this study), leads to difficulty producing scaled-up catalyst quantities sufficient for a PEMFC test.Extensive efforts have been carried out to obtain control on the shape, exposed facets, [7] and size of Pt-Ni bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs); [8][9][10][11] with different elemental composition, [12] surface composition, [13][14][15] and porosity [16] to enhance the ORR activity and durability with the lowest possible amount of Pt. Therefore, it is extremely important to design the synthesis of shape-controlled Pt-Ni NPs toward their potential use in cathode layers of PEMFCs. The syntheses of Pt-Ni NPs have explored a variety of metal precursors, [17] postsynthesis treatment, [18] and dealloying or etching processes [19][20][21][22][23][24] to yield the best electrocatalysts. The ability to tune the morphology by surfactantassisted synthesis [25] has been instrumental in enhancing the mass activity of polyhedral Pt-Ni NPs. The reaction mechanism of growth [26] and etching [27] has been scarcely reported.Solvothermal synthesis usually generates octahedral NPs with high ORR activity of the {111} facets and yield bimetallic nanoparticles with a Pt skeleton and a Ni-rich core. [28] Pt-Ni cuboctahedra nanocrystals with a high activity toward the same reaction have been reported. Cui et al. [13] have reported very high activities. Recently, a very high specific activity has been reported for a well-defined octahedral particle but the rather large particle size (10-15 nm) impedes the mass activity. [29] In this paper, we investigate the structure-properties relationship of Pt 3 Ni NPs with a particle size of 5-6 nm, which is close to the optimal value for ORR electrocatalysts and the lowest reported to still display shape and preferential crystallographic orientation of the facets. We show how a simple synthetic parameter, the ratio between the solution and the free volume in the reactor, leads to the formation of octahedral or cuboctahedral PtNi nanocrystals. Interestingly, each shape displays a different chemical ordering with Pt or Nirich surface, as evidenced by high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF)-high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) mapping. In the case of cuboctahedral NPs, after a few cyclic voltammograms in acidic medium, the NPs retain their geometry but display a Pt-rich skin which explains their ORR activity.Pt 3 Ni stands as one of the most active electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The activity varies with the morphology of the nanocrystals with a high activity observed for the octahedral shape where only the high density {111} crystallographic planes are exposed. Herein, the synthesis of 6 nm Pt 3 Ni octahedral nanocrystals with a Pt enriched shell or cuboctahedral nanocrystals with a Ni enriched shell is described. Interestingly, the cuboctahedral nanocrystals display a six-pointed star/skeleton of platinum, which features a very uncommon atomic distribution. In the synthesis, a decrease in the oxygen partial pressure induces the transition from octahedral to cub...

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A comparison of rotating disc electrode, floating electrode technique and membrane electrode assembly measurements for catalyst testing

Cited by 105 publications

References 40 publications

Revealing the nature of active sites in electrocatalysis

Revealing the nature of active sites in electrocatalysis

Molecular Design of Single‐Atom Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Octahedral to Cuboctahedral Shape Transition in 6 nm Pt₃Ni Nanocrystals for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysis

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A comparison of rotating disc electrode, floating electrode technique and membrane electrode assembly measurements for catalyst testing

Cited by 105 publications

References 40 publications

Revealing the nature of active sites in electrocatalysis

Revealing the nature of active sites in electrocatalysis

Molecular Design of Single‐Atom Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Octahedral to Cuboctahedral Shape Transition in 6 nm Pt3Ni Nanocrystals for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysis

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Octahedral to Cuboctahedral Shape Transition in 6 nm Pt₃Ni Nanocrystals for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysis