A comparison of results of an ESCA study of nonconducting solids using spectrometers of different constructions

Nefedov, V. I.

doi:10.1016/0368-2048(82)85002-0

Cited by 96 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This implies that the lost electrons were transferred from Ru to Zn 2+ . Furthermore, Figure 5e shows that the electron-binding energy of S 2p is 169.6 eV, indicating that S species mainly exist as SO4 2- [31]. Struijk et al [32] also found that the electron-binding energy of S 2p on the surface of Ru catalyst after hydrogenation in ZnSO4 was 169.9 eV, and S species were in the form of SO4 2− .…”

Section: Effects Of Zno and Znso4mentioning

confidence: 92%

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Selective Hydrogenation of Benzene to Cyclohexene over Monometallic Ru Catalysts: Investigation of ZnO and ZnSO4 as Reaction Additives as Well as Particle Size Effect

Sun

Chen

et al. 2018

Catalysts

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Monometallic Ru catalysts with different particle size were prepared via a precipitation method and reduced at different temperatures. In addition, their catalytic activity towards cyclohexene formation from selective hydrogenation of benzene was investigated. With the utilization of ZnO and ZnSO 4 as reaction additives, (Zn(OH) 2) 3 (ZnSO 4)(H 2 O) 3 could be generated and chemisorbed on the Ru surface, which played a crucial role on increasing the selectivity to cyclohexene and retarding the catalytic activity towards benzene conversion. Interestingly, without addition of ZnO and ZnSO 4 , no cyclohexene was observed over all tested Ru catalysts with different particle sizes. This suggested that particle size plays no role in cyclohexene synthesis from selective hydrogenation of benzene over the pure monometallic Ru catalysts in the absence of ZnO and ZnSO 4. On the other hand, when both ZnO and ZnSO 4 were applied, surface n(Zn 2+)/n(Ru) molar ratio increased with increasing particle size of the monometallic Ru catalysts after catalytic experiments, demonstrating that the content of chemisorbed (Zn(OH) 2) 3 (ZnSO 4)(H 2 O) 3 on Ru catalysts surface is enhanced under such a circumstance. More importantly, the maximum cyclohexene yield obtained over monometallic Ru catalysts showed a volcanic-type variation with increasing particle size of Ru from 3.6 nm to 5.6 nm. When the particle size of the monometallic Ru catalyst was 4.7 nm, the highest cyclohexene yield of 60.4% was achieved with an optimum n(ZnO)/n(Ru) ratio of 0.19:1 in the presence of 0.62 mol•dm −3 ZnSO 4 within 25 min of catalytic experiments at 423 K under 5.0 MPa of H 2. In addition, no decrease of catalytic activity towards cyclohexene generation was observed over this catalyst after 10 catalytic experiments without any regeneration.

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Section: Effects Of Zno and Znso4mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…4 2−[31].Struijk et al [32] also found that the electron-binding energy of S 2p on the surface of Ru catalyst after hydrogenation in ZnSO 4 was 169.9 eV, and S species were in the form of SO 4 2− .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Hydrogenation of Benzene to Cyclohexene over Monometallic Ru Catalysts: Investigation of ZnO and ZnSO4 as Reaction Additives as Well as Particle Size Effect

Sun

Chen

et al. 2018

Catalysts

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“…The positions of the main O 1s peak and left shoulder, as well as the Zn (Auger) LMM peak, indicate that ZnSO 4 and Zn(OH) 2 are present on the cathode surface, most likely in the form of ZSH (Figure 6b and 6c). [55][56][57] The O 1s peak has a shoulder at 529.7 eV which indicates that metal oxide is also present on the surface, possibly in the form of ZnMn 2 O 4 (Figure 6b). [25,48,58] The oxidation state of the compound could not be reliably determined due to significant overlap of the Zn 3s peak and Mn 3p peaks, as well as the poor Mn 2p satellite feature signal because of the formation of ZSH on the surface of the cathode.…”

Section: Reaction Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodeposited Manganese Oxide on Carbon Paper for Zinc‐Ion Battery Cathodes

Dhiman

Ivey

2019

Batteries & Supercaps

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Nano‐crystalline, flake‐like Mn oxide was electrodeposited onto carbon paper (CP) using a pulsed electrodeposition technique. The electrodeposited Mn oxide was identified as Mn3O4 through a combination of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The Mn3O4 on CP was used as a cathode for Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) and showed excellent cyclability at a current density of 1 A g−1 with a capacity retention of 139 % after 200 cycles. Electron microscopy was used to characterize the microstructural changes of the cathode at various stages during discharge/charge cycling. This work in combination with the electrochemical results suggests a two‐step reaction mechanism involving both intercalation and conversion reactions. The results demonstrate that electrodeposition of the cathode material is a simple, quick, and potentially scalable electrode synthesis method for producing high performing Zn‐ion electrodes without the use of binders or other additives.

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“…This indicates that sulfur is bound to the carbon before cycling as well as through the various stages of cycling preventing the loss of sulfur through the traditional polysulfide run-away to bulk electrolyte during cycling resulting in the exceptional stability observed in Figure 6. In addition to the peaks corresponding to C-S bonding, there are unique peaks observed in the post-cycled electrodes corresponding to the formation of -SCO-bonding [107] and a mixture of sulfate species (Li 2 SO 4 at 168.45 eV [120] and ZnSO 4 [121,122] represented by the peak at 168. loss. This process occurs predominantly during the 1 st ten cycles over which the cyclic voltammograms stabilizes as seen in Figure 9.…”

Section: Mof -5w Being Derived From Dicarboxylic Acid Molecules Linkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Origin of Irreversible Capacity loss in Non-Carbonized Carbonate − based Metal Organic Framework (MOF) Sulfur hosts for Lithium − Sulfur battery

Shanthi

Hanumantha

Gattu

et al. 2017

Electrochimica Acta

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Li-Sulfur (Li-S) batteries are emergent next-generation energy storage devices due to their very high specific energy density (~2567 Wh g-1) but are limited by polysulfide dissolution issues. In this work, chemically synthesized sulfur containing non-carbonized metal organic framework (S-MOF) cathodes show initial specific capacities of 1476 mAh g-1 stabilizing at ~609 mAh g-1 with almost no fade for over 200 cycles. Post-cycled separators of the S-MOF cathodes display complete absence of polysulfides after cycle 1, 20 and 200. It was identified that the occurrence of carbonate species in the MOF structure resulted in the formation of C-S bonded species causing retention of polysulfide at the electrode surface ensuring long-term stability. However, this observed capacity drop during the first 10 cycles is attributed to the oxidation of some of the infiltrated sulfur by the MOF as determined by electrochemical and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. Nevertheless, the negligible fade rate (0.0014% cycle-1) and complete prevention of polysulfide dissolution renders these cathodes most promising candidates for Li-S batteries. Understanding of this transformation behavior in sulfur-containing MOF is essential to engineer chemically-bonded host-structures capable of efficient polysulfide trapping, a key pathway to establishing novel platforms for achieving high power Li-S batteries.

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A comparison of results of an ESCA study of nonconducting solids using spectrometers of different constructions

Cited by 96 publications

References 13 publications

Selective Hydrogenation of Benzene to Cyclohexene over Monometallic Ru Catalysts: Investigation of ZnO and ZnSO4 as Reaction Additives as Well as Particle Size Effect

Selective Hydrogenation of Benzene to Cyclohexene over Monometallic Ru Catalysts: Investigation of ZnO and ZnSO4 as Reaction Additives as Well as Particle Size Effect

Electrodeposited Manganese Oxide on Carbon Paper for Zinc‐Ion Battery Cathodes

Understanding the Origin of Irreversible Capacity loss in Non-Carbonized Carbonate − based Metal Organic Framework (MOF) Sulfur hosts for Lithium − Sulfur battery

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