A Comparison of Radiographic and Electrogoniometric Angles in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Reliability and Validity of the Photogrammetry for Scoliosis Evaluation: a Cross-Sectional Prospective Study

“…These results corroborated the results of the previous study, 19 which used an electrogoniometer to assess the lateral spinal curvature and highlighted the fact that this region of the shown spinal lordosis makes palpation of the spinal processes rather difficult. As a result, the placing of the reference points on the spinal processes is quite difficult and not free from errors, which is common to all of the used methods.…”

“…As expected, all photographic measurements underestimated the radiographic Cobb angles. 13,19,25 For the thoracic curves (methods 1 and 2), the lumbar, and the thoracolumbar with method 1, the determination coefficients were considered high, which permitted the conclusion that method 1 was more precise than method 2. Both methods assessed the spinal lateral deviation in relation to the median line; however, the number of parallel and perpendicular lines drawn in method 1 were less and, therefore, made this method much simpler and precise and with less chance of errors.…”

“…4 Older methods of evaluation 5-7 that collect data from trunk deformity observations have been discussed, and others with improved technology have been created. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Some of these methods, such as the scoliometer and observational postural evaluations, are recognized as appropriate methods to detect postural alterations related to scoliosis and, consequently, are widely used in annual assessments of adolescents and preadolescent students. [21][22][23][24] Other scoliosis evaluation methods, such as scanners, stereophotogrammetry, as well as the use of special software, have been applied high-technology tools, with the objective of measuring trunk deformities, so that these methods could replace, or at least someday may decrease, periodic radiographic evaluations.…”

“…[21][22][23][24] Other scoliosis evaluation methods, such as scanners, stereophotogrammetry, as well as the use of special software, have been applied high-technology tools, with the objective of measuring trunk deformities, so that these methods could replace, or at least someday may decrease, periodic radiographic evaluations. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]25 However, in spite of all of these methods that show moderate agreement with radiographic aspects, as well acceptable reliability, all authors agreed that they could not replace radiographic measurements.…”

A system for integrated measurement of ventilator settings, lung volume change and blood gases during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation

“…Previous studies have already shown that measurements taken only from spinous processes are unreliable [37].…”