A Comparison of R-line Photoluminescence of Emeralds from Different Origins

Thompson, D. Brian; Kidd, Joshua D.; Åström, Mikko; Scarani, Alberto; Smith, Christopher P.

doi:10.15506/jog.2014.34.4.334

Cited by 8 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Table 5 lists the exact position ranges of this band in the spectra of the studied samples. The studied samples show similar trends to those previously presented [74]; however, the emeralds from Brazil and Russia presented R1 bands shifted towards lower wavelengths and at 683.9-684 nm and 683.7-683.8 nm, respectively. Additionally, the R1 band of the studied samples from Afghanistan can vary in position, ranging from 683.6 to 684.2 nm.…”

Section: Pl Spectroscopysupporting

confidence: 86%

“…PL spectroscopy of emeralds was suggested as a useful tool to separate natural emeralds from synthetic ones, as well as to aid in emerald origin determination [58,61,72,74]. PL bands' intensities and positions vary slightly in different orientations relative to the c-axis [74]. In Figure 25, the photoluminescence spectra with a spectral range from 650 to 850 nm, acquired with the laser beam perpendicular to the c-axis, of emeralds from Colombia (upper spectrum) and Zimbabwe (bottom spectrum) are presented.…”

Section: Pl Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Figure 25, the photoluminescence spectra with a spectral range from 650 to 850 nm, acquired with the laser beam perpendicular to the c-axis, of emeralds from Colombia (upper spectrum) and Zimbabwe (bottom spectrum) are presented. Both samples presented two sharp bands at around 680 and 684 nm linked to Cr 3+ (also known as R2 and R1 lines, respectively), as well as a broad band centred at around 720-740 nm, also linked with chromium [74,101]. It has been suggested that the exact position of the R1 band can give valuable clues on emeralds' natural vs. synthetic nature (no synthetics with R1 > 683.7 nm) as well as on their geologic origin (schist-origin emeralds with R1 < 683.9 nm [74]; see also Figure 26).…”

Section: Pl Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both samples presented two sharp bands at around 680 and 684 nm linked to Cr 3+ (also known as R2 and R1 lines, respectively), as well as a broad band centred at around 720-740 nm, also linked with chromium [74,101]. It has been suggested that the exact position of the R1 band can give valuable clues on emeralds' natural vs. synthetic nature (no synthetics with R1 > 683.7 nm) as well as on their geologic origin (schist-origin emeralds with R1 < 683.9 nm [74]; see also Figure 26). Table 5 lists the exact position ranges of this band in the spectra of the studied samples.…”

Section: Pl Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Emeralds from the Most Important Occurrences: Chemical and Spectroscopic Data

Karampelas¹,

Al-Shaybani²,

Mohamed³

et al. 2019

Minerals

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The present study applied LA–ICP-MS on gem-quality emeralds from the most important sources (Afghanistan, Brazil, Colombia, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Russia, Zambia and Zimbabwe). It revealed that emeralds from Afghanistan, Brazil, Colombia and Madagascar have a relatively lower lithium content (7Li < 200 ppmw) compared to emeralds from other places (7Li > 250 ppmw). Alkali element contents as well as scandium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, zinc and gallium can further help us in obtaining accurate origin information for these emeralds. UV-Vis spectroscopy can aid in the separation of emeralds from Colombia and Afghanistan from these obtained from the other sources as the latter present pronounced iron-related bands. Intense Type-II water vibrations are observed in the infrared spectra of emeralds from Madagascar, Zambia and Zimbabwe, as well as in some samples from Afghanistan and Ethiopia, which contain higher alkali contents. A band at 2818 cm−1, supposedly attributed to chlorine, was observed only in emeralds from Colombia and Afghanistan. Samples with medium to high alkalis from Ethiopia, Madagascar, Zambia and Zimbabwe can also be separated from the others by Raman spectroscopy based on the lower or equal relative intensity of the Type I water band at around 3608 cm−1 compared to the Type II water band at around 3598 cm−1 band (with some samples from Afghanistan, Brazil and Russia presenting equal relative intensities).

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Section: Pl Spectroscopysupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Pl Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pl Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pl Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Emeralds from the Most Important Occurrences: Chemical and Spectroscopic Data

Karampelas¹,

Al-Shaybani²,

Mohamed³

et al. 2019

Minerals

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“…Recently, Thompson et al (2014) collected PL spectra of natural emeralds from 11 different localities and synthetic emeralds from four different sources. The results confirmed observations made by Moroz et al (2000): R 1 lines of synthetic emeralds peak at the shortest wavelengths, while in natural non-schist emeralds this line peaks at the same or longer wavelengths.…”

Section: Feature Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saltwater Pearls from the Pre- to Early Columbian Era: A Gemological and Radiocarbon Dating Study

Zhou¹,

Hodgins²,

Lange³

et al. 2017

G&G

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Canadian subscribers should add GST. Discounts are available for group subscriptions, GIA alumni, and current GIA students. To purchase print subscriptions, visit store.gia.edu or contact Customer Service. For institutional rates, contact Customer Service. Database CoverageG&G is abstracted in Thomson Reuters products (Current Contents: Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences and Science Citation Index-Expanded, including the Web of Knowledge) and other databases. For a complete list of sources abstracting G&G, go to gia.edu/gems-gemology, and click on "Publication Information." Manuscript SubmissionsGems & Gemology, a peer-reviewed journal, welcomes the submission of articles on all aspects of the field. Please see the Author Guidelines at gia.edu/gemsgemology or contact the Managing Editor. Letters on articles published in G&G are also welcome. Please note that Field Reports, Lab Notes, Gem News International, Micro-World, and Charts are not peerreviewed sections but do undergo technical and editorial review.

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Spectroscopic study of the coloured gems in a 19th century pendant from Einsiedeln Abbey

Karampelas¹,

Wörle²

2021

J Raman Spectroscopy

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Nineteen green-coloured gems adorning a cross-shaped pendant from the end of 19th century, belonging to Einsiedeln Abbey (Switzerland), were examined using non-destructive methods. Estimated weights of the gems are ranging from about 0.19 to 2.34 carats. Natural multiphase inclusions with jagged outlines were observed in all samples under optical microscope. Raman bands characteristic of beryl were observed in all samples with a 532-nm laser excitation. Raman spectra of the samples with a 785-nm laser at higher wavenumber found to be similar to emeralds containing low concentration of alkali elements. Their ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) spectra display absorption bands related to chromium and vanadium; no absorption bands related to iron were observed. Using a combination of spectroscopic and microscopic methods, the samples were adequately identified as natural emeralds, with Colombia as their most probable source.

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A Comparison of R-line Photoluminescence of Emeralds from Different Origins

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Emeralds from the Most Important Occurrences: Chemical and Spectroscopic Data

Emeralds from the Most Important Occurrences: Chemical and Spectroscopic Data

Saltwater Pearls from the Pre- to Early Columbian Era: A Gemological and Radiocarbon Dating Study

Spectroscopic study of the coloured gems in a 19th century pendant from Einsiedeln Abbey

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