A comparison of photographic, replication and direct clinical examination methods for detecting developmental defects of enamel

Golkari, Ali; Sabokseir, Aira; Pakshir, Hamidreza; Dean, MC; Sheiham, Aubrey; Watt, Richard G.

doi:10.1186/1472-6831-11-16

“…Reliability of LEH scoring is more robust in photogrammetric methods, with a significant increase in LEH number identified compared to direct examination method (Golkari et al, 2011). This method was successfully applied to a similar published study on another Early Archaic population, Windover (Berbesque & Doran, 2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency and developmental timing of linear enamel hypoplasia defects in Early Archaic Texan hunter-gatherers

Berbesque

¹

,

Hoover

²

2018

PeerJ

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Digital photographs taken under controlled conditions were used to examine the incidence of linear enamel hypoplasia defects (LEHs) in burials from the Buckeye Knoll archaeological site (41VT98 Victoria county, Texas), which spans the Early to Late Archaic Period (ca. 2,500–6,500 BP uncorrected radiocarbon). The majority (68 of 74 burials) date to the Texas Early Archaic, including one extremely early burial dated to 8,500 BP. The photogrammetric data collection method also results in an archive for Buckeye Knoll, a significant rare Archaic period collection that has been repatriated and reinterred. We analyzed the incidence and developmental timing of LEHs in permanent canines. Fifty-nine percent of permanent canines (n = 54) had at least one defect. There were no significant differences in LEH frequency between the maxillary and mandibular canines (U = 640.5, n1 = 37, n2 = 43, p = .110). The sample studied (n = 92 permanent canines) had an overall mean of 0.93 LEH defect per tooth, with a median of one defect, and a mode of zero defects. Average age at first insult was 3.92 (median = 4.00, range = 2.5–5.4) and the mean age of all insults per individual was 4.18 years old (range = 2.5–5.67). Age at first insult is consistent with onset of weaning stress—the weaning age range for hunter-gatherer societies is 1–4.5. Having an earlier age of first insult was associated with having more LEHs (n = 54, rho = −0.381, p = 0.005).

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“…One way to overcome these shortcomings is to apply the replica method using die stone, which has been used successfully for evaluating restorations, 11,12 detecting developmental enamel defects 13 and measuring the cement thickness of placed crowns. 14 However, this method has rarely been used for assessing dental sealant retention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 The main advantage of using the replica method is the permanent availability of a set of models that allows the evaluator to assess the level of retention at leisure, at a convenient time. 13 This method is thought to reduce operator fatigue and consequently, observation bias.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between visual clinical examination and the replica method for assessments of sealant retention over a 2-year period

Hu

¹

,

Chen

²

,

Lu³

et al. 2014

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To compare the levels of agreement and the survival rates of sealant retention for different sealing materials over a 2-year period assessed using the visual clinical examination and replica methods, sealant retention data were obtained by visual clinical examination and from replicas of the same sealed tooth at baseline and at 0.5-, 1- and 2-year evaluation points in 407 children and were compared for agreement using kappa coefficients. Survival curves of retained sealants on occlusal surfaces were created using modified categorisation (fully retained sealants and those having all pits and fissures partly covered with the sealant material versus completely lost sealants that included pit and fissure systems that had ≥1 pit re-exposed) according to the Kaplan–Meier method. The kappa coefficient for the agreement between both assessment methods over the three evaluation time points combined was 0.38 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.35–0.41). More sealant retention was observed from replicas than through visual clinical examination. Cumulative survival curves at the three evaluation times were not statistically significantly higher when assessed from replicas (P=0.47). Using the replica method, more retained sealant material was observed than through visual clinical examination during the 2-year period. This finding did not result in a difference in the survival rates of sealants assessed by the two assessment methods. When replicas cast in die stone are used for assessing sealant retention, the level of reliability of the data is higher than that of data obtained through the commonly used visual clinical examination, particularly if such assessments are conducted over time.

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“…Reliability of LEH scoring is more robust in photogrammetric methods, with a significant increase in LEH number identified compared to direct examination method (Golkari et al, 2011). This method was successfully applied to a similar published study on another Early…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of linear enamel hypoplasia defects in Early Archaic Texan hunter-gatherers

Berbesque

¹

,

Hoover

²

2018

Preprint

0

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Digital photographs taken under controlled conditions were used to examine the incidence of linear enamel hypoplasia defects (LEHs) in burials from the Buckeye Knoll archaeological site (41VT98 Victoria county, Texas), which spans the Early to Late Archaic Period (ca. 2500-6500 BP uncorrected radiocarbon). The majority (68 of 74 burials) date to the Texas Early Archaic, including one extremely early burial dated to 8,500 BP. The photogrammetric data collection method also results in an archive for Buckeye Knoll, a significant rare Archaic period collection that has been repatriated and reinterred. We analyzed the incidence and developmental timing of LEHs in permanent canines. Fifty-nine percent of permanent canines (n = 54) had at least one defect. There were no significant differences in LEH frequency between the maxillary and mandibular canines (U = 640.5, n1 = 37, n2 = 43, p = .110). The sample studied (n=92) had an overall mean of 0.93 LEH defect per tooth, with a median of one defect, and a mode of zero defects. Average age at first insult was 3.92 (median = 4.00, range = 2.5 -5.4) and the mean age of all insults per individual was 4.18 years old (range = 2.5 -5.67). Age at first insult is consistent with onset of weaning stress-the weaning age range for hunter-gatherer societies is 1-4.5.Having an earlier age of first insult was associated with having more LEHs (n = 54, rho = - Highiights Our study population were hunter-gatherers spanning the Early to Late Archaic period  We analyzed incidence and developmental timing of Linear Enamel Hypoplasia defects in canines  Fifty-nine percent of canines in this population had one or more defects  Average developmental age of first insult was is 3.92 years  Having an earlier age of first insult was associated with having more LEHs Abstract Digital photographs taken under controlled conditions were used to examine the incidence of linear enamel hypoplasia defects (LEHs) in burials from the Buckeye Knoll archaeological site (41VT98 Victoria county, Texas), which spans the Early to Late Archaic Period (ca. 2500-6500 BP uncorrected radiocarbon). The majority (68 of 74 burials) date to the Texas Early Archaic, including one extremely early burial dated to 8,500 BP. The photogrammetric data collection method also results in an archive for Buckeye Knoll, a significant rare Archaic period collection that has been repatriated and reinterred. We analyzed the incidence and developmental timing of LEHs in permanent canines. Fifty-nine percent of permanent canines (n = 54) had at least one defect. There were no significant differences in LEH frequency between the maxillary and mandibular canines (U = 640.5, n1 = 37, n2 = 43, p = .110). The sample studied (n=92) had an overall mean of 0.93 LEH defect per tooth, with a median of one defect, and a mode of zero defects. Average age at first insult was 3.92 (median = 4.00, range = 2.5 -5.4) and the mean age of all insults per individual was 4.18 years old (range = 2.5 -5.67). Age at first insult is consistent with onset of we...

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A comparison of photographic, replication and direct clinical examination methods for detecting developmental defects of enamel

Cited by 36 publications

References 13 publications

Frequency and developmental timing of linear enamel hypoplasia defects in Early Archaic Texan hunter-gatherers

Frequency and developmental timing of linear enamel hypoplasia defects in Early Archaic Texan hunter-gatherers

Comparison between visual clinical examination and the replica method for assessments of sealant retention over a 2-year period

An assessment of linear enamel hypoplasia defects in Early Archaic Texan hunter-gatherers

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