A Comparison of Personal Project Motives in Three Age Groups

Ogilvie, Daniel M.; Rose, Kristin; Heppen, Jessica

doi:10.1207/153248301750433768

Cited by 32 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…It is further supported by the self-reported expectations about agegroup differences in goal orientations obtained in Experiment 2: When asked to indicate their expectations about other young and older adults' goal orientations, both young and older participants regarded growth as the primary orientation in young adults and loss prevention as the primary orientation in older adults. Finally, the presence of a life-span schema about developmental goals is also in accordance with findings of age-group differences in personal goal orientations (Ebner et al, 2006;Ogilvie et al, 2001), with young adults reporting a primary orientation toward growth and older participants reporting an increasingly stronger orienta- …”

Section: Young and Older Adults Possess A Life-span Schema About Devesupporting

confidence: 83%

“…A growth orientation as opposed to an orientation toward loss prevention has been found to prevail in early adulthood (Elliot, Sheldon, & Church, 1997;Emmons, 1996) and seems to be more functional with respect to task performance and well-being (Coats, Janoff-Bulman, & Alpert, 1996;Friedman & Förster, 2001;Roney, Higgins, & Shah, 1995). With advancing age and as net resources decline, goal orientations increasingly shift toward maintenance and loss prevention, with positive effects on well-being (Ebner et al, 2006;Freund, 2006;Ogilvie, Rose, & Heppen, 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Schema reliance for developmental goals increases from early to late adulthood: Improvement for the young, loss prevention for the old.

Ebner

Riediger

Lindenberger

2009

Psychology and Aging

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People tend to encode and retrieve information in terms of schemata, especially when processing resources are low. This study argues that the life-span schema about developmental goals constitutes a generalized expectation about the life course that associates young adults with growth and older adults with loss prevention. Predictions were that young and older adults possess this schema; that both age groups rely on it when remembering age-associated information about goals; and that this schema reliance is particularly pronounced among older adults, due to age-related difficulties in overcoming schemata. In Experiment 1, participants assigned growth or loss-prevention orientations to young and older faces and adhered to the life-span schema. In Experiment 2, participants were presented young and older faces paired with growth or loss prevention. When later asked to recognize faces and remember goal orientations, participants were more likely to remember young faces with growth and older faces with loss prevention than vice versa. This effect was more pronounced among older adults. Conclusions are that reliance on life-span schemata when remembering developmentally relevant information increases with age.

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Section: Young and Older Adults Possess A Life-span Schema About Devesupporting

confidence: 83%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Schema reliance for developmental goals increases from early to late adulthood: Improvement for the young, loss prevention for the old.

Ebner

Riediger

Lindenberger

2009

Psychology and Aging

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“…Goal content is typically age-graded and reflects the important issues of a particular period of the life span (Ogilvie et al, 2001). During the transition from childhood to adulthood, adolescents set and pursue goals unique to this period.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent goal content and pursuit: A review of the literature from the past 16 years

Massey

Gebhardt

Garnefski

2008

Developmental Review

213

219

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a b s t r a c tThe aim of this article is to provide an overview and discussion of the literature from various areas of psychology on adolescent goal content and pursuit since the publication of Nurmi's review in 1991. Ninety-four studies were identified which incorporated a measure of adolescent goal content/processes. We explore and discuss the theories employed in these studies, methods of goal measurement, and the findings presented in the studies. Adolescent goal content and pursuit appear to be influenced by various sociodemographic and psychological factors. In turn, goal content, goal pursuit and (un)successful goal attainment are related to adolescent behavior, health and well-being. Limitations and suggestions for further research are discussed.

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“…Second, it used an extreme-group approach rather than sample numerous age groups. This was done in part for practical reasons but also because, based on prior charting of lifespan processes (Ebner et al, 2006;Ogilvie et al, 2001), we expected middle-aged groups to map onto a motivational midpoint between young adults and older adults. Future research should verify this assumption for MAVO versus MAPP goals, however.…”

Section: Limitations and Alternative Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are mastery-avoidance achievement goals always detrimental? An adult development perspective

Senko

Freund

2015

Motiv Emot

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Achievement goal research consistently reveals that mastery-avoidance goals (i.e., striving to avoid losses) are maladaptive, especially in comparison to mastery-approach goals (i.e., striving for gains). Nearly all of it has been done with children or young adults, however. Lifespan theories of motivation posit that people in late adulthood are more likely than young adults to strive toward maintenance and lossprevention rather than gains, and also that they sometimes profit from pursuing those goals. Integrating the two approaches, this experiment compared young and older adults' experience and performance on a laboratory task when pursuing either mastery-approach or mastery-avoidance goals. Results show that young adults perceived the mastery-approach goal to be more attainable and therefore felt less pressure, enjoyed the task more, and performed better with it, whereas older adults showed this pattern with the mastery-avoidance goal. This matching effect replicates recent research on adult development and has broader implications for achievement goal theory and avoidance motivation in general. Mastery-Avoidance Achievement Goals 2 AbstractAchievement goal research consistently reveals that mastery-avoidance goals (i.e., striving to avoid losses) are maladaptive, especially in comparison to mastery-approach goals (i.e., striving for gains). Nearly all of it has been done with children or young adults, however.Lifespan theories of motivation posit that people in late adulthood are more likely than young adults to strive toward maintenance and loss-prevention rather than gains, and also that they sometimes profit from pursuing those goals. Integrating the two approaches, this experiment compared young and older adults' experience and performance on a laboratory task when pursuing either mastery-approach or mastery-avoidance goals. Results show that young adults perceived the mastery-approach goal to be more attainable and therefore felt less pressure, enjoyed the task more, and performed better with it, whereas older adults showed this pattern with the mastery-avoidance goal. This matching effect replicates recent research on adult development and has broader implications for achievement goal theory and avoidance motivation in general.Key words: Achievement goals, mastery-avoidance, gains, losses, adult agedifferences Mastery-Avoidance Achievement Goals 3 Are Mastery-Avoidance Achievement Goals Always Detrimental?An Adult Development Perspective Achievement goal theory (Dweck, 1986;Nicholls, 1984) distinguishes two main types of goals often pursued in achievement situations: mastery goals, which focus on learning or developing one's ability, and performance goals, which instead focus on demonstrating one's ability by outperforming peers. Additionally, these goals separate into approach and avoidance forms (Elliot & McGregor, 2001;Pintrich, 2000). Mastery-approach goals entail striving to learn or improve, whereas mastery-avoidance goals entail striving to avoid failures to learn or decline in skill....

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A Comparison of Personal Project Motives in Three Age Groups

Cited by 32 publications

References 9 publications

Schema reliance for developmental goals increases from early to late adulthood: Improvement for the young, loss prevention for the old.

Schema reliance for developmental goals increases from early to late adulthood: Improvement for the young, loss prevention for the old.

Adolescent goal content and pursuit: A review of the literature from the past 16 years

Are mastery-avoidance achievement goals always detrimental? An adult development perspective

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