A comparison of muscle relaxation and electromyogram biofeedback treatments for muscle contraction headache

Effect of positioning on back pain after coronary angiography

“…Significant correlation between patients' scores on the Numeric Pain Intensity Scale and the Visual Analogue Scale have been found to be high ( r = 0·847–0·956), establishing instrument validity (Seymour 1982, Paice & Cohen 1997). The NPIS has also demonstrated sensitivity to treatments expected to impact pain intensity (Chesney & Shelton 1976, Kaplan et al . 1983).…”

Electronic‐Diary for Recording Headaches, Triggers, and Medication Use: Development and Evaluation

“…The efficacy of these treatment programs was typically assessed by the use of headache diaries in which the participants periodically rated their pain, and usually also recorded their use of medication . The pain scales ranged from 3 points to 100 points, and were defined in terms of intensity (eg, slight, moderate) or impact of the headaches on activities (eg, a headache that can be ignored at times). The intervals for rating head pain ranged from hourly to daily (bedtime) .…”

Computers in biofeedback research and therapy

“…Other studies report outcome in terms of changes in several physiological measures (e .g., Alexander, 1975;Bakal & Kaganov, 1977;Patewicz, 1976;Sargent, Green, & Walters, 1972). In addition, others measure biofeedback outcome in terms of subjective self-report, behavioral measures, or psychological testing (e.g., Adler & Adler, 1976;Bihldorff, King, & Parnes, 1971;Chesney & Shelton, 1976;Daniels, 1977;Lutker, 1971;Medina, Diamond, & Franklin, 1976). And, finally, some utilize combinations of all of these measures (e.g., Cox, Freundlich, & Meyer, 1975;Epstein, Able, Collins, Parker, & Cinciripini, 1978;Feldman, Billingham, Kolotkin, & Gots Bloch, Note 3).…”