A comparison of muscle activity and heart rate response during backward and forward walking on an underwater treadmill

Mitsudo, Kenji; Takasugi, Shin-ichiro; Hotta, Noboru; Fujishima, Kazutaka; Iwamoto, Yukihide

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.03.013

Cited by 50 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…Walking backwards is different from walking forwards as toe contact is made at the initial foot contact during the stance phase of the gait cycle and the leg is swung, while conscious of the hip extensors' position, in the swing phase. Moreover, differences in muscle activity patterns and myogenic potentials occur while walking backwards compared to walking forwards [1][2][3][4] . For this reason, walking backwards can lead to effects that are not produced by walking forwards as well as increasing exercise tolerance 2,3,5,6) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Partial Body Weight Support while Training Acute Stroke Patients to Walk Backwards on a Treadmill -A Controlled Clinical Trial Using Randomized Allocation-

Takami

Wakayama

2010

J Phys Ther Sci

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Abstract. [Purpose] We tested the efficacy of an intervention training acute stroke patients to walk backwards on a treadmill. Subjects were randomly allocated to three groups of Partial Body Weight Support treadmill backward walking group, Partial Body Weight Support treadmill forward walking group and Control in order to compare the efficacy of the interventions among the groups.[Subjects] The subjects were 36 acute stroke patients.[Methods] They were randomly allocated to the three groups using an envelope method. After 3 weeks of intervention. We investigated by multiple comparisons among the three groups using change scores for each of the outcome measures.[Results] The Berg Balance Scale showed no significant differences. The Rivermead Mobility Index showed a significant difference between the backward walking group and the forward walking group, and between the backward walking group and the Control. Walking speed was significantly different between the backward walking group and the Control. No differences were seen for other itemes.[Conclusions] As a result of 3-week intervention, a significant improvement was observed in walking speed and the Rivermead Mobility Index, suggesting that Partial Body Weight Support treadmill backward walking training for patients in the early phase of acute stroke is effective at improving mobility.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Partial Body Weight Support while Training Acute Stroke Patients to Walk Backwards on a Treadmill -A Controlled Clinical Trial Using Randomized Allocation-

Takami

Wakayama

2010

J Phys Ther Sci

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“…Devido às dificuldades em coletar o sinal EMG no meio aquático e as contínuas investigações na tentativa de melhorar a utilização dessa técnica, é recente o interesse pelas respostas neuromusculares da caminhada nesse ambiente (12,23,(26)(27)(28)(29) . Durante a caminhada em piscina rasa, os autores têm manipulado a velocidade e o tipo de deslocamento frontal como os principais influenciadores da resistência imposta ao movimento dos indivíduos.…”

Section: Respostas Neuromusculares Caminhada Em Piscina Rasaunclassified

“…Isso se deve, possivelmente, ao fato de que para uma mesma velocidade auto-selecionada de esforço (moderado), a velocidade de deslocamento horizontal no meio aquático (1,8km/h) é sempre menor quando comparada com a do meio terrestre (5km/h) (12) . Essa menor velocidade de deslocamento horizontal durante a caminhada aquática ocorre provavelmente pela necessidade de deslocar-se em ambiente de maior densidade (19,23,28,29) . Uma vez que a resistência imposta ao deslocamento no meio aquático aumenta ao quadrado em relação ao aumento da velocidade, a menor velocidade registrada no nesse ambiente justificaria a atividade neuromuscular diminuída (12,19) .…”

Section: Respostas Neuromusculares Caminhada Em Piscina Rasaunclassified

“…Respostas similares para a ativação dos músculos propulsores da caminhada são encontradas em investigações com velocidade fixa (mesma intensidade fisiológica de exercício) e deslocamento frontal reduzido (esteira) (14,22,23,30,31) em músculos responsáveis pela propulsão do movimento. Vale salientar que para a obtenção de uma mesma intensidade fisiológica de esforço entre os meios, a velocidade do exercício terrestre precisa ser a do dobro da velocidade do exercí-cio aquático (terra = 2,4km/h, 3,6km/h e 4,8km/h vs água = 1,2km/h, 1,8km/h e 2,4km/h) (25,30,31) .…”

Section: Respostas Neuromusculares Caminhada Em Piscina Rasaunclassified

“…Essa influência é fundamental para a determinação da intensidade do exercício através da resistência oferecida ao movimento (17)(18)(19)(20). Assim, as respostas neuromusculares e cardiorrespiratórias geradas durante a caminhada no meio líquido podem diferir daquelas encontradas em meio terrestre (21)(22)(23)(24)(25) , dependendo do tipo de exercício realizado (piscina rasa ou funda) e da maneira como a resistência do ambiente aquático (R = 0,5 . d .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Caminhada em ambiente aquático e terrestre: revisão de literatura sobre a comparação das respostas neuromusculares e cardiorrespiratórias

Silva

Kruel

2008

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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RESUMOO objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre a comparação das respostas neuromusculares e cardiorrespiratórias durante a caminhada em meio aquático e em meio terrestre. As respostas foram apresentadas para a caminhada em piscina rasa e para a caminhada em piscina funda. Em relação à caminhada em piscina rasa, as respostas neuromusculares (sinal EMG) e cardiorrespiratórias (FC e VO 2 ) são muito dependentes da velocidade do exercício. As respostas neuromusculares podem ser menores no meio aquático quando a velocidade da caminhada é menor nesse ambiente. Por outro lado, quando o exercício é realizado com velocidades similares, a atividade dos músculos propulsores pode ser superior durante a caminhada aquática. Da mesma forma, respostas cardiorrespiratórias maiores são registradas no exercício aquático quando velocidades similares de caminhada são utilizadas. Contudo, com velocidades menores, essas respostas são semelhantes ou menores que as encontradas em meio terrestre. No que diz respeito à caminhada em piscina funda, as respostas neuromusculares diferem daquelas encontradas durante a caminhada em meio terrestre devido à ausência das forças de reação com o solo. Essa característica possivelmente modifica os músculos envolvidos na produção de força propulsiva nesse exercício. Além do mais, durante a caminhada em piscina funda, as respostas cardiorrespiratórias parecem sempre mais baixas devido à grande redução no peso hidrostático e à menor atividade dos músculos posturais e pela utilização do cinturão flutuador nessa modalidade.Palavras-chave: caminhada em piscina rasa, caminhada em piscina funda, respostas fisiológicas. ABSTRACTThe purpose of this review was to analyze neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory responses during walking in water and on dry land. The responses were presented during walking in shallow and in deep water. During walking in shallow water, neuromuscular (EMG signal) and cardiorespiratory (HR and VO 2 ) responses are very dependant on the exercise speed. Neuromuscular responses can be lower in aquatic environment when speed is lower. On other hand, when the exercise is performed in similar speeds, propulsive muscles activity can be higher walking in shallow water. Similary, higher cardiorespiratory responses are registered when similar speeds are used during the aquatic exercise. However, when it is performed at lower speeds, cardiorespiratory responses are similar or lower than the ones found on land. Concerning walking in deep water, neuromuscular responses are different from walking on land due to the absence of the ground reaction forces. This characteristic probably modifies the muscles involved in propulsive forces production during the exercise. Moreover, cardiorespiratory responses always seem to be lower than those during walking on land due to the effect of hidrostatic pressure as well as the lower posture muscles activity observed by the use of the floating belt in this modality.

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Electromyographic signal and force comparisons during maximal voluntary isometric contraction in water and on dry land

et al. 2010

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This study was designed to compare surface electromyographic (sEMG) signal and force production during maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVCs) in water and on dry land. The reproducibility of sEMG and isometric force measurements between water and dry land environments was also assessed. Nine women performed MVC for elbow flexion and extension, hip flexion, and extension against identical fixed resistance in both environments. The sEMG signal from biceps brachii, triceps brachii, rectus femoris, and biceps femoris was recorded with waterproof adhesives placed over each electrode. The sEMG and force production showed no significant difference between water and dry land, except for HEX (p = 0.035). In addition, intraclass correlation coefficient values were significant and ranged from moderate to high (0.66-0.96) for sEMG and force production between environments. These results showed that the environment did not influence the sEMG and force in MVC.

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A comparison of muscle activity and heart rate response during backward and forward walking on an underwater treadmill

Cited by 50 publications

References 24 publications

Effects of Partial Body Weight Support while Training Acute Stroke Patients to Walk Backwards on a Treadmill -A Controlled Clinical Trial Using Randomized Allocation-

Effects of Partial Body Weight Support while Training Acute Stroke Patients to Walk Backwards on a Treadmill -A Controlled Clinical Trial Using Randomized Allocation-

Caminhada em ambiente aquático e terrestre: revisão de literatura sobre a comparação das respostas neuromusculares e cardiorrespiratórias

Electromyographic signal and force comparisons during maximal voluntary isometric contraction in water and on dry land

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