A comparison of mtDNA restriction sites vs. control region sequences in phylogeographic assessment of the musk turtle (<i>Sternotherus minor</i>)

Walker, DM; Burke, Vincent J.; Barák, Imrich; Avise, John C.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-294x.1995.tb00229.x

Cited by 36 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In general, mtDNA of terrapins and tortoises reveals no extensive overlapping zones, and strong geographical structure is the rule (Lamb et al . 1989; Lamb & Avise 1992; Osentoski & Lamb 1995; Walker et al . 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial phylogeography of the European pond turtle, Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus 1758)

Lenk¹,

Fritz²,

Joger³

et al. 1999

Molecular Ecology

165

279

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The phylogeny and phylogeography of Emys orbicularis was inferred from mitochondrial nucleotide sequences of the cytochrome b gene analysed by DNA sequencing and RNA heteroduplex analysis. Within the family Emydidae the monotypic genus Emys is affiliated with the nearctic taxa Emydoidea blandingii and Clemmys marmorata. The analysis of 423 individuals of E. orbicularis, originating throughout its distribution range, revealed a remarkable intraspecific differentiation in 20 different haplotypes with distinct geographical ranges. Maximum parsimony analysis produced a star-like phylogeny with seven main lineages which may reflect separations in the late Pliocene. The haplotype distribution examined by partial Mantel tests and analysis of molecular variance revealed a substantial effect of glacial periods. This historical perspective suggests the existence of multiple glacial refugia and considerable Holocene range expansion which was modulated by climatic traits. Further support is gained for the occurrence of long-term parapatry in glacial refugia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial phylogeography of the European pond turtle, Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus 1758)

Lenk¹,

Fritz²,

Joger³

et al. 1999

Molecular Ecology

165

279

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A number of phylogeographic studies on insects and all classes of vertebrates have been conducted in the southeastern United States (Avise et al 1979(Avise et al , 1987Bermingham and Avise 1986;Avise and Nelson 1989;Hayes and Harrison 1992;Vogler and DeSalle 1993;Ellsworth et al 1994;Phillips 1994;Osentoski and Lamb 1995;Walker et al 1995). These studies have generally discovered divergent eastern and western lineages for their study organism, with much lower genetic divergence within lineage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heritable Variation in a Family-Diagnostic Trait

Karoly¹,

Conner²

2000

Evolution

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Abstract. Derived characters that have not changed during the diversification of a clade provide traits that are diagnostic at higher taxonomic levels. The tetradynamous stamen condition (four long and two short stamens) of the Brassicaceae is an example of a diagnostic trait that has not changed during the diversification of this large flowering plant family. We investigated one hypothesis that might explain the long-term stasis of this trait-that tetradynamous stamens have persisted because of an absence of genetic variation underlying the trait. Through a sib-analysis with Raphanus raphanistrum and an artificial selection experiment with Brassica rapa, we demonstrate that significant genetic variation is present for the tetradynamous condition in both species and that the trait is therefore not constrained from evolutionary change by a lack of heritable genetic variation.Key words. Artificial selection, Brassicaceae, Brassica rapa, floral evolution, genetic constraints, genetic variation, Raphanus raphanistrum.Received December 23, 1998. Accepted February 9, 2000 Characters that distinguish taxa at the level of family or order are likely to have originated with the clade's common ancestor and remained static during the subsequent divergence of species within the taxonomic group. The processes that govern the evolution of these traits that are diagnostic for higher taxa of flowering plants have received little empirical investigation. Although developmental homeostasis may contribute to the relative invariance of such traits within a species (Fenster and Galloway 1997;Cresswell 1998), evolutionary explanations that might account for the stasis across species demonstrated by diagnostic characters include either stabilizing selection or some form of evolutionary constraint. Potential constraints include an absence of genetic variation underlying the character or genetic correlations with traits that are themselves stabilized by selection (Maynard Smith et al. 1985). We have investigated the heritability of a floral trait that is diagnostic for the family Brassicaceae to determine if an absence of genetic variation might constrain the evolution of this taxonomically informative character. Our results for two species of mustard show that heritable variation is present for the trait, indicating that other hypotheses must be invoked to account for the trait's evolutionary stasis.The majority of the 3000 species in the mustard clade (family Brassicaceae or Cruciferae) possess flowers in which there are four medial stamens that are long and two lateral stamens that are short (the ''tetradynamous'' condition); this character state is considered diagnostic for the family (Cronquist 1981;Endress 1992;Heywood 1993;Zomlefer 1994). The possession of dimorphic stamen lengths cuts across the diversity of mating systems and pollination modes shown by mustard taxa, which range from autogamously selfing to obligately outcrossing, self-incompatible species (Preston 1986). Although the adaptive nature of specific floral traits has...

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“…A parsimony network (see below) further supports this inferred relationship among the three geographic groupings. known to accumulate mutations up to an order of magnitude faster than nuclear coding sequences, and the control region is among the most rapidly evolving segments of the mtDNA molecule (Quinn 1992;Zhu et al 1994;Walker et al 1995). Hence the control region will accumulate polymorphisms more quickly after a bottleneck or founder event.…”

Section: Fig 3 Two-dimensional Scaling Of Sequence Divergence Amongmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography of the Sardines (Sardinops SPP.): Assessing Biogeographic Models and Population Histories in Temperate Upwelling Zones

Bowen¹,

Grant²

1997

Evolution

112

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Sardines (Sardinops spp.) occupy temperate upwelling zones in the coastal regions of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, including locations in Japan, California, Chile, Australia, and South Africa. East and West Pacific populations are separated by vast expanses of open ocean, and northern and southern hemisphere populations are separated by tropical waters which are lethal to sardines. The relative importance of these barriers has been the focus of a longstanding debate between vicariance and dispersal schools in biogeography. Comparisons of a 500 bp fragment of the mitochondrial (mt) DNA control region reveal strong geographic structuring of mtDNA lineages but shallow divergence both within and between regional populations. Regional populations are related to one another in a stepping-stone pattern, the apparent result of a series of Pleistocene dispersal events around the continental margins of the Indian-Pacific Basin. These mtDNA data, combined with an electrophoretic survey of variability at 34 nuclear loci (Grant and Leslie 1996), indicate that the five regional forms of Sardinops (considered separate taxa by most authorities) probably diverged within 500,000 years BP, a much shorter timeframe than predicted by vicariance models based on plate tectonics. High mtDNA haplotype diversity, coupled with an excess of rare alleles in the protein electrophoretic dataset, may indicate exponential growth from a small ancestral population. The mtDNA and allozyme data are concordant with climate records and fossil evidence in portraying regional populations as recent, unstable, and ephemeral. Regional populations of sardines have probably been extinguished and recolonized over short evolutionary timescales in response to changes in climate and the oceanography of coastal upwelling zones.

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A comparison of mtDNA restriction sites vs. control region sequences in phylogeographic assessment of the musk turtle (Sternotherus minor)

Cited by 36 publications

References 30 publications

Mitochondrial phylogeography of the European pond turtle, Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus 1758)

Mitochondrial phylogeography of the European pond turtle, Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus 1758)

Heritable Variation in a Family-Diagnostic Trait

Phylogeography of the Sardines (Sardinops SPP.): Assessing Biogeographic Models and Population Histories in Temperate Upwelling Zones

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