A comparison of motor patterns induced by , acetylcholine and serotonin in the in vitro neonatal rat spinal cord

Cowley, Kristine C.; Schmidt, Brian J.

doi:10.1016/0304-3940(94)90626-2

Cited by 174 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Cowley and Schmidt (1994b) demonstrated that serotonin produced rhythmic motor activity consistent with motor activity found in intact preparations with greater regularity than with the application of NMDLA. ' (Ilounsgaard and Kjaerultr, 1992).…”

mentioning

confidence: 61%

“…During locomotion in the rabbit, cat, and neonatal rat, activity dependent labels; 2-deoxy[C]-glucose (metabolic indicator) (Viala et al, 1988) (Grillner, 1981) (Rossignol et al 1986), however, in the in vitro neonatal rat (Astuta et (Cazalets et al 1990) and peripheral nerves (Cowley and Schmidt 1994b) in the in vitro neonatal rat preparation. Cowley and Schmidt (1994b) demonstrated that serotonin produced rhythmic motor activity consistent with motor activity found in intact preparations with greater regularity than with the application of NMDLA.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lamina VII neurons are rhythmically active during locomotor-like activity in the neonatal rat spinal cord

MacLean

Hochman

Magnuson

1995

Neuroscience Letters

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confidence: 61%

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confidence: 99%

Lamina VII neurons are rhythmically active during locomotor-like activity in the neonatal rat spinal cord

MacLean

Hochman

Magnuson

1995

Neuroscience Letters

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“…These results are supported by earlier observation from in vitro isolated spinal cord preparations. Indeed, although NMDA can trigger rhythmic ventral root activity in in vitro preparations, stable and well-coordinated locomotorlike patterns are known to be best induced by combining NMDA and 5-HT in the neonatal rat 8,9,19 and mice preparations. 10,11,20 5-HT 2 agonists have also been shown to be involved in pattern generation since reversal of disorganized NMDA-induced rhythms was found in in vitro preparations obtained from early spinal neonatal rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of NMDA receptor activation in serotonin agonist-induced air-stepping in paraplegic mice

Guertin

2004

Spinal Cord

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Study design: Experimental laboratory investigation of the effects of serotonergic and glutamatergic drugs in early paraplegic mice. Objectives: To examine whether NMDA and 5-HT receptors synergistically participate to generate basic stepping movements in paraplegic mice. Setting: Laval University Medical Center, Quebec, Canada. Methods: Adult mice completely spinalized at the low-thoracic level 1 week earlier were suspended in harnesses for experiments. Acute drug-induced effects were examined on hindlimb movements filmed with a digital video camera. Detailed kinematic analyses included stick diagrams reconstructions of hindlimb movements and analysis of bilateral coordination, angular excursion, stepping amplitude and frequency. Results: A single treatment with the 5-HT 2 agonist quipazine (40.7 mg/kg, i.p.) induced episodes of air-stepping movements in the hindlimbs of paraplegic mice. In contrast, injection of the glutamatergic agonist NMDA (1-45 mg/kg i.p.) failed to induce rhythmicity, although nonlocomotor rhythmic movements were observed with higher doses (45-60 mg/kg i.p.). Subthreshold doses of NMDA (22-30 mg/kg) could induce episodes of hindlimb air-stepping if combined with subthreshold doses of quipazine (0.3-0.7 mg/kg). Air-stepping was entirely blocked by administration of the selective NMDA antagonist MK-801. Conclusion: A single treatment with quipazine can trigger episodes of locomotor-like movements in early chronic spinal mice. Even though NMDA alone could not generate bilaterally coordinated air-stepping, NMDA receptor activation was nonetheless critical for spinal locomotor rhythmogenesis induced by 5-HT agonists in awake behaving animals.

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“…It has been demonstrated in the neonatal rat that activity in the L2 root largely parallels activity in peripheral nerves innervating flexor muscles, and L5 root activity parallels that in extensor-related peripheral nerves (Cowley and Schmidt, 1994b). Application of specific combinations of neurochemicals, e.g., NMDA and serotonin in the neonatal preparations (Cowley and Schmidt, 1994a) or NMDA, serotonin, and dopamine in older mice (Jiang et al, 1999a), leads to locomotor-like ventral-root activity. This involves alternation between the right and left side, and between activity of the L2 and L5 ventral roots.…”

Section: State-dependence Of Motoneuron Properties: Modulation Duringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beginning at the end: Repetitive firing properties in the final common pathway

Brownstone

2006

Progress in Neurobiology

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Since the early 20th century, it has been recognized that motoneurons must fire repetitive trains of action potentials to produce muscle contraction. In 1932, Sir John Eccles, together with Hebbel Hoff, found that action potential spike trains in motor axons were produced by "rhythmic centres", which were within the motoneurons themselves. Two decades later, Eccles attended a Cold Spring Harbor Symposium in NY, USA entitled "The Neuron". Two of the many notable presentations at this symposium were juxtaposed: one by Eccles from the University of Otago, Dunedin, NZL, and the other by J. Walter Woodbury and Harry Patton from the University of Washington, Seattle, USA. Both presentations included data obtained using sharp microelectrodes to study the intracellularly recorded potentials of cat motoneurons. In this review, I discuss some of the events leading up to and surrounding this jointly accomplished advance and proceed to discussion of subsequent studies over 5+ decades that have made use of intracellular recordings from motoneurons to study their repetitive firing behavior. This begins with early descriptions of primary and secondary range firing, and continues to the discovery of dendritic persistent inward currents and their relation to plateau potentials, synaptic amplification, and motoneuronal firing. Following a brief description of the possible mechanisms underlying spike frequency adaptation, I discuss the modulation of repetitive firing properties during various motor behaviors. It has become increasingly clear that the central nervous system has exquisite control of the repetitive firing of motoneurons. Eccles' work laid the foundation for the present-day study of these processes.

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A comparison of motor patterns induced by , acetylcholine and serotonin in the in vitro neonatal rat spinal cord

Cited by 174 publications

References 9 publications

Lamina VII neurons are rhythmically active during locomotor-like activity in the neonatal rat spinal cord

Lamina VII neurons are rhythmically active during locomotor-like activity in the neonatal rat spinal cord

Role of NMDA receptor activation in serotonin agonist-induced air-stepping in paraplegic mice

Beginning at the end: Repetitive firing properties in the final common pathway

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