A comparison of monovalent Hong Kong influenza virus vaccine with vaccines containing only pre-1968 Asian strains in adult volunteers: A report to the Medical Research Council Committee on Influenza and other Respiratory Virus Vaccines

Hobson, D.; Baker, Francine; Chivers, C. P.; Reed, Sylvia E.; Sharp, D. G.

doi:10.1017/s0022172400042273

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Five studies used outcome measures related to work days lost that could potentially identify bacterial pneumonia as a complication of influenza virus infection. [19][20][21]24,26 However, these studies did not use definitions for these outcomes that would allow the reader to accurately determine whether a bacterial pneumonia was present (e.g., chest radiograph, lower respiratory tract findings on examination). Event rates were higher in trials that used clinical definitions of influenza than in those that used laboratory confirmation.…”

Section: Immunization Of Healthy Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These trials showed no reduction 17,26 to modest reductions [19][20][21]24 in lost time because of respiratory illness. A cost-benefit analysis of one of these influenza vaccination trials 20 involving healthy working adults that used days of work missed, days at work but at reduced effectiveness and days with a visit to a health care provider because of an influenza-like symptom showed that vaccination (live-attenuated intranasal vaccine) reduced costs associated with all of these outcomes.…”

Section: Immunization Of Healthy Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,13,16,25,26 Among participants receiving injected vaccines, the most frequent side effects were local symptoms related to the injection site (e.g., pain, redness or induration). Statistically significant differences in these injection symptoms between vaccinees and placebo recipients were identified in several trials, with the highest incidence reported to be 64% among participants receiving inactivated injected vaccine, compared with 24% among placebo recipients.…”

Section: Immunization Of Healthy Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevention of influenza in the general population

Langley

Faughnan²

2004

Canadian Medical Association Journal

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Background: Although all jurisdictions in Canada offer annual influenza immunization to people at high risk of complications, only Ontario has provided universal annual immunization of healthy adults and children. Use of chemotherapy (amantidine, neuraminidase inhibitors) to prevent influenza varies among provinces. We sought to systematically review the evidence for the prevention of influenza infection in the general population. Methods: The interventions reviewed were influenza vaccination and prophylactic use of neuraminidase inhibitors. The health outcomes of interest were rates of laboratory-confirmed influenza infection, clinical definitions of influenzalike illness and work absenteeism. MEDLINE and Cochrane databases were searched for relevant articles published between 1966 and March 2003. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected. Evidence was appraised using the methodology of the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. Results: Eighteen trials involving more than 33 000 healthy adults were identified that met the inclusion criteria; of these, 15 showed that influenza vaccination with either live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines was efficacious. Eleven trials were considered to be of "good" quality, and 7 were considered to be of "fair" quality. The relative risk reduction (RRR) associated with influenza immunization in adults ranged from 0% to 91%. Fifteen RCTs involving more than 45 000 healthy children aged 6 months to 19 years were identified, of which 9 were considered to contain "good" evidence and 6 "fair" evidence. Results from 12 of these trials showed protection against influenza. The RRR ranged from 0% to 93%. There were 6 RCTs of "good" quality showing that neuraminidase inhibitors are effective in preventing influenza infection. Side effects from both influenza vaccination and neuraminidase inhibitor administration were mild. Interpretation: There are numerous RCTs of good quality in large populations that have consistently shown that influenza vaccination, using inactivated or live-attenuated vaccines, is moderately effective in preventing influenza in the general population (healthy adults and children over 6 months of age). There is good evidence that neuraminidase inhibitor prophylaxis in contacts given within 36 to 48 hours of symptom onset of the household index case is effective; appropriate use of this prevention method requires

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Section: Immunization Of Healthy Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunization Of Healthy Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunization Of Healthy Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevention of influenza in the general population

Langley

Faughnan²

2004

Canadian Medical Association Journal

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“…It is also possible that the apparent improvement over results in our previous trials is due to the prior experience of HK antigen of most of the present population, perhaps even in some to those with no detectable serum antibody just before inoculation. When similar inactivated intranasal HK vaccine was given in 1968, before there had been extensive natural spread of the virus, the serological response was much less than after parenteral HK vaccine (Hobson et al 1970), and there was no protection against the first HK epidemic, which occurred 2-4 months after vaccination (Tyrrell, Buckland, Rubenstein & Sharpe, 1970).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The efficacy of live and inactivated vaccines of Hong Kong influenza virus in an industrial community: A report to the Medical Research Council Committee on Influenza and other respiratory virus vaccines

et al. 1973

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SUMMARYIntranasal vaccines of inactivated or living attentuated A2/Hong Kong influenza viruses were compared for clinical acceptability, serological effects and protective efficiency against natural epidemic influenza in a large industrial and clerical population.Neither vaccine resulted in any significant untoward side-effects. The serum haemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibody response within 1 month of vaccination was similar with both vaccines; approximately 50 % of those with little or no pre-vaccination antibody developed 4-fold or greater rises in titre. The effect of the antigenic potency of the vaccines and the prior immunological experience of the population is discussed. Volunteers given live vaccine showed a 2-2-fold lower incidence of clinical influenza than those given killed vaccine in a natural epidemic 16 months after vaccination.

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“…The HK vaccines stimulated antibody against that virus almost as frequently as the polyvalent vaccine did against the 1964 strain, although the final titres were somewhat lower. This point is analysed in more detail by Hobson et al (1970). There was no troublesome local or general reaction to the vaccine, and the analysis of diary cards issued to the volunteers showed that the frequency and duration of local soreness was the same in those who had split and whole virus vaccine-about one-third were affected on the day of vaccination and none by 2 days later.…”

Section: Trials Of Antigenicity Of Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Vaccination against Hong Kong influenza in Britain, 1968–9: A report to the Medical Research Council Committee on Influenza and other Respiratory Virus Vaccines

Tyrrell

Buckland

Rubenstein

et al. 1970

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYStudies of the effect of Hong Kong (HK) influenza vaccine were made in adults and children in Great Britain during 1968 and 1969. The vaccines were administered intramuscularly and also by intranasal spray. The serum antibody response was studied in 284 subjects. Most developed rising titres to vaccine given intramuscularly and few to vaccine given intranasally. Deoxycholate-split vaccine was as potent as conventional whole virus vaccine. Antibody titres were maintained for months. Over 4000 subjects in factories, Gffices and schools were observed during the epidemic. The incidence of disease was not significantly reduced by either form of vaccination. A survey was made of epidemics in boarding schools in which some of the pupils had been vaccinated, in six with commercial polyvalent vaccine and in five with HK; there was a lower incidence of influenza in two schools vaccinated 2 or 4 weeks earlier with HK vaccine.

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A comparison of monovalent Hong Kong influenza virus vaccine with vaccines containing only pre-1968 Asian strains in adult volunteers: A report to the Medical Research Council Committee on Influenza and other Respiratory Virus Vaccines

Cited by 10 publications

References 3 publications

Prevention of influenza in the general population

Prevention of influenza in the general population

The efficacy of live and inactivated vaccines of Hong Kong influenza virus in an industrial community: A report to the Medical Research Council Committee on Influenza and other respiratory virus vaccines

Vaccination against Hong Kong influenza in Britain, 1968–9: A report to the Medical Research Council Committee on Influenza and other Respiratory Virus Vaccines

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