A Comparison of Microplastic in Fish From Australia and Fiji

Wootton, Nina; Ferreira, Marta; Patrick, Ruth; Gillanders, Bronwyn M.

doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.690991

Cited by 48 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…A Singapore study that analyzed microplastics in commercial shrimp reported an average of 13.4–7050 items, and another study that sampled shrimp in the Arabian sea reported a microplastic average of 1220 items. , For studies carried out on mussels, researchers found an average of 1.53 items/g in green mussels sold in Thailand, an average of 0.9–4.6 items/g in mussels found on the coastlines in China, and an average of 1.4 items/g of supermarket-bought mussels in the United Kingdom. − Another study compared the amount of microplastic in fish sold for human consumption. Fish from Fiji had 0.86 pieces/fish, almost two times lower than the average of 1.58 pieces per fish reported in an Australian study . These studies show that microplastics are pervasive even in seafood.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

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Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on Human Kidney and Liver Cell Morphology, Cellular Proliferation, and Metabolism

2022

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Microplastics have gained much attention due to their prevalence and abundance in our everyday lives. They have been detected in household items such as sugar, salt, honey, seafood, tap water, water bottles, and food items wrapped in plastic. Once ingested, these tiny particles can travel to internal organs such as the kidney and liver and cause adverse effects on the cellular level. Here, human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells and human hepatocellular (Hep G2) liver cells were used to examine the potential toxicological effects of 1 μm polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs). Exposing cells to PS-MPs caused a major reduction in cellular proliferation but no significant decrease in cell viability as determined by the trypan blue assay in both cell lines. Cell viability remained at least 94% for both cell lines even at the highest concentration of 100 μg/mL of PS-MPs. Phase-contrast imaging of both kidney and liver cells exposed to PS-MPs at 72 h showed significant morphological changes and uptake of PS-MP particles. Confocal fluorescent microscopy confirmed the uptake of 1 μm PS-MPs at 72 h for both cell lines. Additionally, flow cytometry experiments verified that more than 70% of cells internalized 1 μm PS-MPs after 48 h of exposure for both kidney and liver cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) studies revealed kidney and liver cells exposed to PS-MPs had increased levels of ROS at each concentration and for every time point tested. Furthermore, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis at 24 and 72 h revealed that both HEK 293 and Hep G2 cells exposed to PS-MPs lowered the gene expression levels of the glycolytic enzyme, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ( GAPDH ), and antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase 2 ( SOD2 ) and catalase ( CAT ), thus reducing the potential of SOD2 and CAT to detoxify ROS. These adverse effects of PS-MPs on human kidney and liver cells suggest that ingesting microplastics may lead to toxicological problems on cell metabolism and cell–cell interactions. Because exposing human kidney and liver cells to microplastics results in morphological, metabolic, proliferative changes and cellular stress, these results indicate the potential undesirable effects of microplastics on human health.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

“…Fish from Fiji had 0.86 pieces/fish, almost two times lower than the average of 1.58 pieces per fish reported in an Australian study. 44 These studies show that microplastics are pervasive even in seafood. Thus, human consumption of microplastics via seafood is likely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on Human Kidney and Liver Cell Morphology, Cellular Proliferation, and Metabolism

2022

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“…Microplastic contamination in ecological risk is the adverse environmental effects of exposure. Marine organisms are exposed through direct and indirect ingestion of MP or inhalation (Hidalgo Ruz, et al, 2012;Kaposi et al, 2013;Neves et al, 2015;Ogunola and Palanisami, 2016;Auta et al, 2017;Gallo et al, 2018;Wibowo et al, 2019;Ugwu et al, 2021;Wootton et al, 2021;Harqu and Fan, 2022).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastic Bioaccumulation by Tiger Snail (Babylonia spirata): Application of Nuclear Technique Capability using Polystyrene Labelled with Radiotracer 65Zn

et al. 2023

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Plastic waste is a solid that is difficult to decompose but can turn into environmental microplastics. Microplastics are sizes between 0.1 μm–5 mm, highly prolific anthropogenic pollutants affecting terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of Babylonia spirata to accumulate and eliminate polystyrene microplastics. This experiment uses the nuclear applications technique. The experiment consists of two methods: manufacturing microplastics and biokinetics. The manufacture of microplastics labeled Zn-65 is based on the reaction of polystyrene sulfonate with zinc to form polystyrene sulfonate Zn resin. This microplastic labeled Zn-65 is very stable in the aquatic environment, so it is used for bioaccumulation experiments. Biokinetics includes acclimatization/adaptation of the organism for seven days, bioaccumulation consists of the organism accumulating microplastics labeled Zn-65 for seven days, and depuration for seven days that were placing the organism accumulating microplastics labeled Zn-65 in water free of contamination and biokinetics calculations include the BCF (Biocontration Factor), ku (uptake constant), ke (depuration constants), and t1/2 (half-life). The experimental results show that the ability to bioaccumulate polystyrene microplastics from seawater (BCF) is 79.2 to 304.31 ml.g-1. This bioaccumulation is affected by the microplastic content in the water. The biological half-life of the microplastic is 14.54 to 41.78 d. There is a relationship between the concentration and the Ku, Ke and BCF. the polystyrene content. The experimental results show that microplastics bioaccumulate in a marine organism so that they can move through the food chain and are ultimately harmful to humans.

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“…As bleaching processes happen in the marine ecosystem, it is difficult to comment on MPs' color (Stolte et al, 2015). Nevertheless, the color of the MPs is a significant factor as the marine organisms prey on colored MPs for resembling their prey, and the results have already been documented in many parts of the world (Ory et al, 2018;Botterell et al, 2019;Hossain et al, 2019Hossain et al, , 2020Hoellein et al, 2021;Liu et al, 2021;Muller, 2021;Wootton et al, 2021).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Microplasticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastics in Sediment of Kuakata Beach, Bangladesh: Occurrence, Spatial Distribution, and Risk Assessment

et al. 2022

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Kuakata beach, known as Daughter of Sea in Bangladesh, has drawn a growing number of tourists from all over the world, leading to the higher use of single plastic products. This study was a first attempt to describe the occurrence, spatial distribution, and ecological risk of microplastics (MPs) in Kuakata beach sediments. A total of 24 surface sediment samples were collected from the intertidal zone of the beach, and MPs were extracted using the density separation method and a stereomicroscope. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used for qualitative and quantitative identification. The results revealed that the average MPs in the beach sediment were 232 ± 52 items kg–1 dry weight, which was much higher than many other sandy beaches throughout the world. Analyses of variance showed a significant (p < 0.01) difference among the mean abundance of MPs in sampling points. Fibers were dominated in every sampling point with an average of 123 ± 27 item kg–1. Most of the MPs observed were colored (60%), and the rest were transparent (40%). It was found that the size range of 1–5 mm MPs constituted over half (55%) of total MPs covering an average value of 127 ± 34 items kg–1. Three polymer types were identified in the sediment samples through FTIR analysis which followed the decreasing order of polyethylene terephthalate > polyethylene > polypropylene. Correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between the abundance of MPs and the finer grain size of sediment (p = 0.055; r = 0.7), indicating grain size-controlled the density of MPs. The pollution load index was assessed to estimate the ecological risk and found that the beach sediment of Kuakata belonged to the risk category I of the pollution index. This investigation provided preliminary information on MPs pollution in the marine ecosystem that the policymakers can use to take appropriate management approaches.

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A Comparison of Microplastic in Fish From Australia and Fiji

Cited by 48 publications

References 75 publications

Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on Human Kidney and Liver Cell Morphology, Cellular Proliferation, and Metabolism

Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on Human Kidney and Liver Cell Morphology, Cellular Proliferation, and Metabolism

Microplastic Bioaccumulation by Tiger Snail (Babylonia spirata): Application of Nuclear Technique Capability using Polystyrene Labelled with Radiotracer 65Zn

Microplastics in Sediment of Kuakata Beach, Bangladesh: Occurrence, Spatial Distribution, and Risk Assessment

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