A comparison of maximal oxygen uptake by treadmill and step-test procedures.

Kasch, Fred W.; Phillips, William H.; Ross, William N.; Carter, J E; Boyer, John L.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1966.21.4.1387

Cited by 51 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Test has been widely used in the exercise physiology literature to estimate cardiovascular fitness and has been shown to be a good correlate of VO2 max using instrumented measures (Jacks, Moore, Topp, & Bibeau, 2008;Kasch, Phillips, Ross, Carter, & Boyer, 1966). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Mechanisms of Vocal Fatigue

2017

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Vocal fatigue is among the most debilitating conditions affecting individuals with voice disorders. Impressions about mechanisms potentially underlying vocal fatigue have varied depending on how fatigue is defined, participants studied, and measures made, thereby impacting the selection of treatment strategies that may alleviate the condition. However, little is currently known about actual metabolic mechanisms of vocal fatigue. The current study aimed to address this issue by investigating the hypothesis that neuromuscular inefficiency, cardiovascular recovery deficits, or both, may play a role in fatigue. The approach replicated well-vetted approaches in exercise physiology.Metabolic profiles of subjects with vocal fatigue were assessed using gas exchange measures in comparison to two non-fatigue groups: vocally healthy and cardiovascular trained individuals, recruited based on results from a newly vetted questionnaire, the Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI) and laryngeal examination. Participants read out loud at two different loudness levels for a duration of 5 minutes for each task with periods of rest between tasks. Metabolic cost for and recovery time from reading were same across all groups. Oxygen uptake and recovery kinetics (EPOC), ratings of perceived exertion revealed interesting patterns in individuals with vocal fatigue compared to cardiovascular trained individuals in particular.Specifically, slow oxygen uptake kinetics in the vocal fatigue compared to the cardiovascular iv trained group pointed to utilization of anaerobic energy source to meet the demands of the reading task in the vocal fatigue group, suggesting neuromuscular inefficiency. In contrast, rapid oxygen uptake kinetics in the cardiovascular trained group pointed to utilization of aerobic energy sources and greater neuromuscular efficiency. Similarly, a greater number of individuals in vocal fatigue and vocally healthy groups showed an increase in oxygen consumption post reading (EPOC) compared to the cardiovascular trained group, indicating possible cardiovascular recovery deficits in the former groups.In addition to uncovering potential mechanisms underlying vocal fatigue, including neuromuscular inefficiency and cardiovascular recovery deficits, results from the present study highlight the potential importance of aerobic training to generate aerobic energy required for vocal task demands for both ease of task performance and recovery from it. In sharp contrast to the situation for voice, fatigue as a common physical phenomenon more generally has received extensive attention in the physical therapy, sports medicine, and exercise physiology literature. Three broad schools of thought identify mechanisms pertaining to the origins of physical fatigue: (1) peripheral mechanisms (Allen, Lamb, & Westerblad, 2008;Asmussen, 1979;Edwards, 1981;Fitts, 1994;Westerblad, Allen, & Lannergren, 2002;Westerblad, Lee, Lannergren, & Allen, 1991), (2) The next pages and chapters provide pertinent background information on vocal fatigue, fatigue as understood ...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Mechanisms of Vocal Fatigue

2017

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“…The step test is one of the most important and cost-effective methods of assessing adult cardiovascular fitness in largescale epidemiologic studies (Astrand & Rodahl, 1986). The test exhibitsa significantdegreeof predictiveutilityrelative to other more comprehensive measures of cardiovascular fitness,suchas treadmill testing(VOzmax) andthe 12-minrun (Kasch,Phillips,Ross, Carter,& Boyer, 1966;Nagle,Balke, & Naughton, 1965),whichare not practicalwhenevaluating over 8,000 subjects. Validity of the fitness measure was confirmed and afforded additional credence by the present study, since scores on the step test were highly related to gender, age,obesity, smoking, andexercisestatus,whileother research has provided similar indirect validation (Tucker, 1989;Tucker, in review;Tucker, Cole, & Friedman, 1986;Tucker& Friedman, 1989).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Television Viewing and Physical Fitness in Adults

Tucker

1990

Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport

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The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which time spent watching television is associated with cardiovascular fitness among 8,885 adults. Potential confounding effects of age, gender, smoking, length of work week, time reported exercising each week, and obesity were also examined. Subjects who watched TV more than 4 hours per day (frequent viewers) were 0.37 times as likely to be physically fit as those who watched TV less than 1 hour per day (infrequent viewers) with age and gender controlled. Similarly, adults who watched TV 3-4 hours per day (moderately frequent viewers) were 0.45 times as likely to be fit as infrequent watchers. Adjustment for potential confounders, particularly measured body fat and reported exercise duration in combination, weakened the TV viewing/fitness relation moderately. Given the findings of this study and the results of previous research, caution should be exercised regarding excessive television viewing.

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“…Other tests using steps have been developed, such as the Tecumseh step test by Montoye 34 , the YCMCA step test by Kasch et al 35 and the Chester step test 36 . These have different applications and methodologies but, so far, none of them have been standardized and referenced in the literature for evaluations with patients with respiratory diseases.…”

Section: Shuttle Walk Test (Iswt -Incremental Shuttle Walking Test Anmentioning

confidence: 99%