A Comparison of Make and Break Tests Using a Hand-Held Dynamometer and the Kin-Com

Stratford, Paul W.; Balsor, Bradley E.

doi:10.2519/jospt.1994.19.1.28

Cited by 204 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Previous studies are not in agreement; break tests were found to be more reliable than make tests by 10 to 70 percent [5,7]. Bohannon reported that the interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were similar when the elbow flexors of nondisabled females were tested (0.91 and 0.92 for the make test and break test, respectively) [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Conversely, the instructions for the make test are simply to have the person being tested apply as much force possible against a fixed resistance. However, because the two tests measure different forces, they cannot be used interchangeably [5]. Bohannon reported significantly higher strength values for the break test; however, the tests were performed on the elbow flexors of nondisabled females [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamometry testing in spinal cord injury

Sisto¹,

Dyson-Hudson²

2007

JRRD

117

101

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Abstract-Persons with a spinal cord injury (SCI) demonstrate strength deficits that can limit their functional ability to perform activities of daily living. For a specific lesion level, performance of functional activities is related to the level of muscle strength. Consequently, in clinical practice, we need reliable measures of muscle strength to determine mobility and selfcare ability. Muscle-strength testing is used to document recovery or loss of motor function early in SCI, as well as measure improvements in strength in chronic SCI. We also need such measures for research purposes to determine the efficacy of clinical trials. Several methods are available for testing muscle strength of persons with SCI, such as handheld, handgrip, and isokinetic dynamometers. This article provides an overview of muscle-contraction definitions and testing methodologies and discusses the reliability of these testing methods and dynamometry devices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamometry testing in spinal cord injury

Sisto¹,

Dyson-Hudson²

2007

JRRD

117

101

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“…25 In the shoulder, measurement of isometric shoulder strength with an HHD showed excellent reliability for interrater and intrarater trials, ranging from 0.79 to 0.96.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Measuring Eccentric Strength of the Shoulder External Rotators Using a Hand-Held Dynamometer: Reliability and Validity

Johansson

Cools²,

Skillgate

2014

Br J Sports Med

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Context: Shoulder strength assessment plays an important role in the clinical examination of the shoulder region. Eccentric strength measurements are of special importance in guiding the clinician in injury prevention or return-to-play decisions after injury.Objective: To examine the absolute and relative reliability and validity of a standardized eccentric strength-measurement protocol for the glenohumeral external rotators.Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: Testing environment at the Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy of Ghent University, Belgium.Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-five healthy participants (9 men and 16 women) without any history of shoulder pain were tested by 2 independent assessors using a handheld dynamometer (HHD) and underwent an isokinetic testing procedure.Intervention(s): The clinical protocol used an HHD, a DynaPort accelerometer to measure acceleration and angular velocity of testing 308/s over 908 of range of motion, and a Biodex dynamometer to measure isokinetic activity.Main Outcome Measure(s): Three eccentric strength measurements: (1) tester 1 with the HHD, (2) tester 2 with the HHD, and (3) Biodex isokinetic strength measurement.Results: The intratester reliability was excellent (0.879 and 0.858), whereas the intertester reliability was good, with an intraclass correlation coefficient between testers of 0.714. Pearson product moment correlation coefficients of 0.78 and 0.70 were noted between the HHD and the isokinetic data, showing good validity of this new procedure.Conclusions: Standardized eccentric rotator cuff strength can be tested and measured in the clinical setting with good-toexcellent reliability and validity using an HHD.Key Words: eccentric testing, upper extremity, injury prevention, rehabilitation Key PointsUsing a handheld dynamometer, standardized eccentric rotator cuff strength can be measured in the clinical setting with good to excellent reliability and validity. The eccentric rotator cuff strength test provides important information that is useful for injury prevention, rehabilitation, and performance enhancement.

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“…They were then asked to perform a sub-maximal contraction, to ensure they had understood the procedure. Subsequently, their maximum strength was measured using the "make test", 14 which translates strength through a dynamometer (Lafayette Manual Muscle Test System, model 01165) and provides results in kilograms-strength. The time required to obtain this value was also monitored, and labelled the rate of force development (RDF-DF; Kg/s).…”

Section: Dorsiflexor Muscle Strength (Df-ms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropometric, functional and foot trajectory determinants of stride length in self-reliant community-dwelling elderly persons in Talca, Chile

Gonzalez

2016

Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol.

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Objective: To analyze anthropometric, muscle performance and foot trajectory determinants of stride length (SL) during walking at a comfortable pace among self-reliant communitydwelling elderly persons in Talca, Chile. Method: A total of 63 self-reliant elderly persons participated in this observational and cross-sectional study. They were characterized by the anthropometric measures of mass, height and body mass index. Dorsiflexor muscle strength performance (DF-MS) and rate of force development were quantified. Finally, the elderly persons were asked to walk comfortably around a 40 meter elliptical circuit, using determined SL and maximum foot clearance (MaxFC) and minimum foot clearance (MFC) trajectory parameters. The SL determinants were evaluated by calculating the coefficient of determination (r 2 ) considering a level of significance of p≤0.05. Results: The anthropometric variables demonstrated significant correlations (r>0.41) with the explanation of SL remaining incipient (r 2 <0.20). Muscle performance, meanwhile, was significantly correlated (r>0.52), with DF-MS standing out (r 2 =0.342). MaxFC represented a significant explanation for the data (r 2 =0.396), while the low correlation of MFC was not significant (r=0.24, r 2 =0.058). Conclusion: MaxFC and DF-MS are determinants of SL in self-reliant elderly Chileans. It is proposed that gait parameters could be normalized in accordance with trajectory and muscular performance.

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A Comparison of Make and Break Tests Using a Hand-Held Dynamometer and the Kin-Com

Cited by 204 publications

References 3 publications

Dynamometry testing in spinal cord injury

Dynamometry testing in spinal cord injury

Measuring Eccentric Strength of the Shoulder External Rotators Using a Hand-Held Dynamometer: Reliability and Validity

Anthropometric, functional and foot trajectory determinants of stride length in self-reliant community-dwelling elderly persons in Talca, Chile

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