A comparison of load cell and pressure sensors to measure in-water force in young competitive swimmers

Santos, Catarina C.; Costa, Mário J.; Forte, Pedro; Marinho, Daniel A.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111815

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 26 publications

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“…However, Samson et al (2019) reported that the hand’s orientation is perpendicular to the surface of the water earlier than in free swimming, and velocity and acceleration are different in fully-tethered vs free swimming. Furthermore, fully-tethered swimming sustains the strength potential of a swimmer rather than the ability to apply force effectively ( Ruiz- Navarro et al, 2020 ), leading to the overestimation of force ( Santos et al, 2023 ). This gives rise to the question of underestimating the measurement of the kinematic of swimming stroke (e.g., acceleration and maximal velocity) which are significant predictors of an adolescent swimmer’s performance ( Sokołowski et al, 2022 ) and consequently may result in an unrealistic view of the bioenergy of exercise ( Thompson et al, 2004 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of a semi-tethered front crawl sprint performance test in adolescent swimmers

Szczepan,

Wróblewska,

Klich

et al. 2023

Front. Physiol.

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This study aimed to evaluate the test-retest reliability of a sprint performance test with semi-tethered front crawl swimming to indirectly assess the current potential to perform at maximal anaerobic effort in adolescent swimmers. Eight adolescent swimmers participated in this study (gender: females (n = 4) aged 13.0 ± 0.8 years, body height 1.6 ± 0.0 m, body mass 50.1 ± 4.5 kg; and males (n = 4) aged 13.3 ± 1.3 years, body height 1.7 ± 0.1 m, body mass 59.0 ± 8.2 kg. The testing protocol consisted of two trials of 25 m semi-tethered front crawl swimming with maximal effort and with 1 kg resisted isotonic load. Velocity data were recorded automatically by the 1080 Sprint device for 15 m (between 3 m and 18 m). The Fast Fourier Transform algorithm filtered raw instantaneous swimming velocity data in distance (time) function. A third-degree polynomial was used to extract the individual velocity profile, from which the following variables were chosen for test-retest reliability and the assessment of sprint performance: ttrial15, vmax, vmin, tvto max, tvat max, Dto vmax, Dat vmax, fatigue index. Parameters such as vmax, vmin, and ttrial15 were estimated from swimming velocity profiles and considered as reliable. The CV showed low variance <5%; while ICC2,1 demonstrated respectively good (ICC2,1: 0.88), very good (ICC2,1: 0.95), and excellent (ICC2,1: 0.98) rate of relative reliability; and the Bland-Altman index revealed an acceptable agreement (LoA ≤5%) between two measurements. The sprint performance test based on semi-tethered front crawl swimming confirmed that ttrial15, vmax, and vmin were reliable variables to indirectly indicate a potential to perform the maximal anaerobic effort among adolescent swimmers. The evaluation of the swimming velocity profiles allows coaches to monitor the adaptive changes of performance during the training process.

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