A comparison of life history traits of sexual and asexual strains of the parasitoid wasp, <i><scp>L</scp>ysiphlebus fabarum</i> (<scp>B</scp>raconidae: <scp>A</scp>phidiinae)

Ameri, Mohammad; Rasekh, Arash; Mohammadi, Zahra

doi:10.1111/een.12155

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…individuals investing more in egg production die sooner; Zhang et al 2011;). Tradeoffs at the population level were also suggested, but these were either confounded with parasitoid reproductive mode (sexual vs asexual; Pelosse et al 2007;Ameri et al 2015), or were more likely to represent dif-ferences in the timing of allocation than in total investment (Ellers & van Alphen 1997).…”

Section: Tradeoff Between Eggload and Longevitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors shaping life history traits of two proovigenic parasitoids

Segoli

Sun

Nava

et al. 2018

Integrative Zoology

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What shapes the relative investment in reproduction versus survival of organisms is among the key questions in life history. Proovigenic insects mature all their eggs prior to emergence and are short lived, providing a unique opportunity to quantify their lifetime investments in the different functions. We investigated the initial eggloads and longevity of 2 proovigenic parasitoid wasps: Anagrus erythroneurae and Anagrus daanei, (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) that develop within leafhopper eggs in both agricultural vineyards and natural riparian habitats in Northern California. We collected Vitis spp. leaves containing developing parasitoids from 3 natural sites (Knight Landing, American River and Putah Creek) and 3 agricultural vineyards (Solano Farm, Davis Campus and Village Homes). We recorded eggloads at parasitoid emergence and female parasitoid longevity with or without honey-feeding. Theory predicts that parasitoids from vineyards (where hosts are abundant) would have higher initial eggloads and lower longevity compared with parasitoids from riparian habitats (where hosts are scarce). Although host density and parasitoid eggloads were, indeed, higher in vineyards than in riparian habitats, parasitoid longevity did not follow the predicted pattern. Longevity without feeding differed among field sites, but it was not affected by habitat type (natural vs agricultural), whereas longevity with feeding was not significantly affected by any of the examined factors. Moreover, longevity was positively, rather than negatively, correlated with eggloads at the individual level, even after correcting for parasitoid body size. The combined results suggest a more complex allocation mechanism than initially predicted, and the possibility of variation in host quality that is independent of size.

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Section: Tradeoff Between Eggload and Longevitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors shaping life history traits of two proovigenic parasitoids

Segoli

Sun

Nava

et al. 2018

Integrative Zoology

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“…As sexual and asexual lines of L. fabarum are very closely related (Sandrock et al., ), they are generally comparable in terms of generation time and fecundity (Engelstädter, Sandrock, & Vorburger, ). That said, a recent study reported small but significant differences in life‐history traits (e.g., slower development but higher egg number in asexuals), although based on comparing just a single line each (Ameri, Rasekh, & Mohammadi, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid evolution of symbiont‐mediated resistance compromises biological control of aphids by parasitoids

Käch

Mathe‐Hubert

Dennis

et al. 2017

Evolutionary Applications

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There is growing interest in biological control as a sustainable and environmentally friendly way to control pest insects. Aphids are among the most detrimental agricultural pests worldwide, and parasitoid wasps are frequently employed for their control. The use of asexual parasitoids may improve the effectiveness of biological control because only females kill hosts and because asexual populations have a higher growth rate than sexuals. However, asexuals may have a reduced capacity to track evolutionary change in their host populations. We used a factorial experiment to compare the ability of sexual and asexual populations of the parasitoid Lysiphlebus fabarum to control caged populations of black bean aphids (Aphis fabae) of high and low clonal diversity. The aphids came from a natural population, and one‐third of the aphid clones harbored Hamiltonella defensa, a heritable bacterial endosymbiont that increases resistance to parasitoids. We followed aphid and parasitoid population dynamics for 3 months but found no evidence that the reproductive mode of parasitoids affected their effectiveness as biocontrol agents, independent of host clonal diversity. Parasitoids failed to control aphids in most cases, because their introduction resulted in strong selection for clones protected by H. defensa. The increasingly resistant aphid populations escaped control by parasitoids, and we even observed parasitoid extinctions in many cages. The rapid evolution of symbiont‐conferred resistance in turn imposed selection on parasitoids. In cages where asexual parasitoids persisted until the end of the experiment, they became dominated by a single genotype able to overcome the protection provided by H. defensa. Thus, there was evidence for parasitoid counteradaptation, but it was generally too slow for parasitoids to regain control over aphid populations. It appears that when pest aphids possess defensive symbionts, the presence of parasitoid genotypes able to overcome symbiont‐conferred resistance is more important for biocontrol success than their reproductive mode.

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“…Body size is strongly correlated with fitness in aphidiine parasitoids, especially in females (e.g. Kant et al ., ), and previous work has shown greater longevity of asexual than sexual females (Ameri et al ., ). We infer that asexual L. fabarum may use superparasitism behaviour to optimise host quality for their progeny.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…These strains differ biologically, i.e. asexual females tended to emerge somewhat later than sexual females, but with larger egg loads (Ameri et al, 2015). In the present study, we examined the life-history consequences of two levels of superparasitism in a sexual and an asexual population, and carried out dissections of superparasitised aphids to determine when supernumerary larvae were eliminated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An asexual strain of Lysiphlebus fabarum (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) gains fitness in superparasitised hosts, but a sexual strain pays costs

Rasekh

Michaud

Mohseni

et al. 2017

Ecological Entomology

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Abstract. 1. The fitness impacts of two levels of superparasitism were compared in a sexual and an asexual strain of Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) developing in black bean aphids.2. Asexual females were larger than sexuals, had higher eggs loads, and better adult emergence in two of three treatments, but parasitised fewer available aphids in 24 h (80% fewer when foraging alone).3. Superparasitism resulted in wasps that were larger than those emerging from singly parasitised aphids, and asexual females had larger ovaries, without delayed development. In contrast, sexual wasps took about 2 days longer to develop in superparasitised hosts, and females had smaller ovaries with lower egg loads.4. The growth of host aphids bearing asexual larvae was not reduced relative to healthy aphids, except when heavily superparasitised, whereas sexual larvae reduced aphid growth in all treatments.5. Elimination of supernumerary larvae was virtually complete at 4.5 days after parasitism by sexual females, but no elimination occurred among asexual larvae. The evolution of diminished aggression in asexual larvae may be facilitated by greater genetic similarity, without necessarily leading to gregarious development, assuming the extended life of supernumeraries somehow improves survivor fitness.6. Sons of virgin sexual females developed faster than sons of mated females, implicating parental effects that slowed development of the latter.7. It is concluded that asexual females of this strain use superparasitism to improve host quality, and thus the fitness of their daughters, whereas females of the sexual strain prioritise offspring number.

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A comparison of life history traits of sexual and asexual strains of the parasitoid wasp, Lysiphlebus fabarum (Braconidae: Aphidiinae)

Cited by 16 publications

References 67 publications

Factors shaping life history traits of two proovigenic parasitoids

Factors shaping life history traits of two proovigenic parasitoids

Rapid evolution of symbiont‐mediated resistance compromises biological control of aphids by parasitoids

An asexual strain of Lysiphlebus fabarum (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) gains fitness in superparasitised hosts, but a sexual strain pays costs

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