A comparison of knee joint motion patterns between men and women in selected athletic tasks

Malinzak, Robert A.; Colby, Scott; Kirkendall, Donald T.; Yu, Bing; Garrett, William E.

doi:10.1016/s0268-0033(01)00019-5

Cited by 598 publications

(546 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Corresponding experimental data comparing male and female 3D exter nal joint loads during sidestep cutting execution does not exist. However, the above differences are consistent with those observed previously for gender comparisons of lower limb joint kinematics during sidestep cutting (Malinzak et al, 2001;McLean et al, 2004a,b) and jump landing (Ford et al, 2003) tasks. Such differences are suggested to stem from concomitant gender-based differences in lower limb anatomy (McLean et al, 1999) and NMC during movement execution (Boden et al, 2000;Griffin et al, 2000;McLean et al, 2004a).…”

Section: External Knee Loads For Optimized Simulationssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Such postulates are based on the fact that the landing phase of these movements typically incorporates large quadriceps force at relatively small flexion angles, a combination known to induce anterior force on the tibia (Durselen et al, 1995;Pandy and Shel bourne, 1997). Women are often observed to perform these movements with less knee flexion than males (Chappell et al, 2002;Malinzak et al, 2001), which is thus viewed as a likely contributor to their increased risk of ACL injury (Colby et al, 2000;Griffin et al, 2000;Lephart et al, 2002). The neuromuscular control and strength ratio of the hamstrings and quadriceps are also viewed as important components of a sagittal plane in jury mechanism (Colby et al, 2000;Griffin et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sagittal plane biomechanics cannot injure the ACL during sidestep cutting

McLean

Huang

et al. 2004

Clinical Biomechanics

324

284

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Section: External Knee Loads For Optimized Simulationssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sagittal plane biomechanics cannot injure the ACL during sidestep cutting

McLean

Huang

et al. 2004

Clinical Biomechanics

324

284

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“…Knee stability during dynamic movement and landing is underpinned by muscular strength and recruitment patterns [124]. Hamstring activation patterns and knee abduction movements differ between males and females, with females exhibiting slower and less frequent contractions and increased knee valgus moments [118,125]. Specifically, female soccer players land with decreased hip and knee flexion compared to males, thus increasing force transmitted through the quadriceps relative to the hamstrings and consequently stressing the ACL [126].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Applied Physiology of Female Soccer: An Update

et al. 2014

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The popularity and professionalism of female soccer has increased markedly in recent years, with elite players now employed on either a professional or semi-professional basis. The previous review of the physiological demands of female soccer was undertaken two decades ago when the sport was in its relative infancy. Increased research coupled with greater training and competition demands warrants an updated review to consider the effect on physical performance and injury patterns.The physical demands of match-play along with the influence of factors such as the standard of competition, playing position and fatigue have been explored. Total distance covered for elite female players is approximately 10 km, with 1.7 km completed at high-speed (>18 km.h -1 ). Elite players complete 28% more high-speed running and 24% more sprinting than moderate level players. Decrements in high-speed running distance have been reported between and within halves, which may indicate an inability to maintain highintensity activity. Although physical capacity of female players is the most thoroughly researched area comparisons are difficult due to differing protocols. Elite players exhibit maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) values of 49.4 -57.6 ml.kg -1 .min -1 , Yo Yo Intermittent Endurance test level 2 (YYIE2) scores of 1774 ± 532 m (mean ± SD) and 20 m sprint times of 3.17 ± 0.03 s (mean ± SD). Reasons for the increased prevalence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in females (2-6 times greater than males) are discussed with anatomical, biomechanical loading and neuromuscular activation differences being cited in the literature. This review presents an in-depth contemporary examination of the applied physiology of the female soccer player.Applied Physiology of Female Soccer 2 1) Introduction The last review of the physiological demands of female soccer was undertaken two decades ago [1] . At the time of that review, women's soccer was in its relative infancy with the inaugural Women's World Cup having taken place in 1991. The popularity of women's soccer has increased markedly in recent years with 29 million participants recorded in 2011, an increase of 34% from 2000 [2]. The 2015 Women's World Cup will have 24 participating nations, an increase of eight from the previous tournament.Since the previous review, increasing attention in the scientific literature has focused on women's soccer with over two thousand scientific articles published. There has been a drive towards professionalism in the sport with players at the highest level now employed on a professional or semi-professional basis. Current elite players are exposed to greater training volumes and competition demands than ever before, consequently these increased physical demands may have implications for both physical performance levels and injury patterns. Inline with these changes, advances in technology available for monitoring athletes has led to greater opportunities to scientifically support players and thus information regarding the modern elite female player...

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“…Brace condition was treated as a repeated measure, with gender as an independent measure and the horizontal speed of the pelvis as the covariate. Previous research has shown gender may affect knee flexion angle and ground reaction forces [6,11,23,25,28], therefore, gender was included to determine whether there was an interaction effect between brace condition and gender. The goal of this study was to determine the brace effect, and not the gender effect.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a Knee Extension Constraint Brace on Lower Extremity Movements after ACL Reconstruction

Stanley

Creighton

Gross

et al. 2011

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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Background Patients have high reinjury rates after ACL reconstruction. Small knee flexion angles and large peak posterior ground reaction forces in landing tasks increase ACL loading. Questions/purposes We determined the effects of a knee extension constraint brace on knee flexion angle, peak posterior ground reaction force, and movement speed in functional activities of patients after ACL reconstruction. Patients and Methods Six male and six female patients 3.5 to 6.5 months after ACL reconstruction participated in the study. Three-dimensional videographic and force plate data were collected while patients performed level walking, jogging, and stair descent wearing a knee extension constraint brace, wearing a nonconstraint brace, and not wearing a knee brace. Knee flexion angle at initial foot contact with the ground, peak posterior ground reaction force, and movement speed were compared across brace conditions and between genders. Results Wearing the knee extension constraint brace increased the knee flexion angle at initial foot contact for each activity when compared with the other two brace conditions. Wearing the knee extension constraint brace also decreased peak posterior ground reaction force during walking but not during jogging and stair descent. Conclusions Although the knee extension constraint brace did not consistently reduce the peak posterior ground reaction force in all functional activities, it consistently increased knee flexion angle and should reduce ACL loading as suggested by previous studies. These results suggest the knee extension constraint brace has potential as a rehabilitation tool to alter lower extremity movement patterns of patients after ACL reconstruction to address high reinjury rates. Level of Evidence Level II, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

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A comparison of knee joint motion patterns between men and women in selected athletic tasks

Cited by 598 publications

References 18 publications

Sagittal plane biomechanics cannot injure the ACL during sidestep cutting

Sagittal plane biomechanics cannot injure the ACL during sidestep cutting

Applied Physiology of Female Soccer: An Update

Effects of a Knee Extension Constraint Brace on Lower Extremity Movements after ACL Reconstruction

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