A Comparison of Inflammatory Markers in Depressed and Nondepressed Smokers

Nunes, Sandra Odebrecht Vargas; Vargas, Heber Odebrecht; Brum, Juliana Sperotto; Prado, Enrique A. Silveira; Vargas, Mateus Mendonça; Castro, Márcia Regina Pizzo de; Dodd, Seetal; Berk, Michael

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntr247

Cited by 47 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…These results are consistent with previous reports which showed that current smoking is associated with subsequent depressive disorders, increased work disability and lower education levels [32,34,35,41]. Lower educational levels are additionally associated with the initiation of tobacco use disorder and with an increased risk to be unable to quit smoking [5].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

SLC6A4STin2 VNTR genetic polymorphism is associated with tobacco use disorder, but not with successful smoking cessation or smoking characteristics: a case control study

et al. 2014

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BackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine if variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in the second intron (STin2) of the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) gene was associated with tobacco use disorder, successful smoking cessation, or smoking characteristics. In this case–control study, patients with current tobacco use disorder, diagnosed according to DSM IV criteria (n = 185), and never-smokers, diagnosed according to CDC criteria (n = 175), were recruited and received 52 weeks of combined pharmacotherapy and cognitive therapy. Successful smoking cessation was defined as exhaled carbon monoxide < 6 ppm. SLC6A4 gene STin2 VNTR polymorphism was assessed using a Multiplex-PCR-based method. At baseline, participants were evaluated using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and the ASSIST scale.ResultsThe STin2.12 allele (OR = 2.45; 95% CI = 1.44-4.15, p < 0.001) was associated with an increased risk for tobacco use disorder, while the STin2.10/10 genotype (OR = 0.42; 95% CI 0.25-0.71, p < 0.001) decreased risk. There were no significant associations between tobacco use disorder and the STin2.10 or STin2.9 alleles or the other genotypes (STin2.12/12, 12/10, 12/9, 10/9 or 9/9). There were no significant associations between the STin2 genotypes and alleles and successful smoking cessation, smoking characteristics and increased alcohol or sedative use risk.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the STin2.10/10 genotype and STin2.12 allele are associated with tobacco use disorder or nicotine dependence, but not with treatment response or severity of dependence. It is hypothesized that the ST2in.12 allele by modulating the metabolism of serotonin may participate in the pathophysiology of tobacco use disorder or nicotine dependence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

SLC6A4STin2 VNTR genetic polymorphism is associated with tobacco use disorder, but not with successful smoking cessation or smoking characteristics: a case control study

et al. 2014

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“…Suicide attempters have significantly higher levels of nitric oxide metabolites (products of nitrates and nitrites) and lipid hydroperoxides (a biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids or lipid peroxidation) as well as lower levels of plasma total antioxidant potential TRAP (a biomarker of total antioxidant defenses) than non attempters (Vargas et al, 2013b). Proinflammatory cytokines have been implicated in depressed smokers (Nunes et al, 2012). Finally, inflammation and oxidative stress is a mechanism activating production of kynurenine, which may deplete tryptophan and lead to decreased levels of serotonin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased risk of suicide attempt in bipolar patients with severe tobacco dependence

Ducasse

Jaussent

Guillaume

et al. 2015

Journal of Affective Disorders

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“…Smoking increases the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukine-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and C-creative protein (CRP) [18]. In addition, a recent study reported that depressed smokers showed higher levels of TNFα, IL-6 and CRP compared to non-depressed smokers [19]. A population-based study [n = 2077], reported an association of elevated depressive symptoms and pulmonary function impairment (forced expiratory volume in one second predicted) in older adults aged > 55 years [20].…”

Section: Impact Of Depression On the Course Of Copdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological Treatment of Depression in Older Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Impact on the Course of the Disease and Health Outcomes

Yohannes

Alexopoulos

2014

Drugs Aging

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Over 40% older chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients suffer from clinically significant depressive symptoms that may interfere in their daily activities. Untreated depression may increase physical disability, social isolation, hopelessness and healthcare utilization. This review examined the impact of depression on the course of COPD, and the efficacy of antidepressant drugs therapy and their implication for clinical practice. The efficacy of antidepressants from the published trials in patients with COPD has been inconclusive. Specifically, there has been no clear evidence that antidepressants can induce remission of depression or ameliorate dyspnoea or physiological indices of COPD. Both the selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and tricycle antidepressant (TCA) studies conducted in depressed COPD patients have been significantly limited by methodological weaknesses including low sample size, sample heterogeneity, and variability in scales used to diagnose and to monitor the treatment of depression. For this reason, it remains unclear whether which SSRIs or TCAs should be favoured in the treatment of depressed COPD patients and what is an appropriate dosage and duration range. Simply offering antidepressant drugs to older depressed COPD patients is unlikely to improve their conditions. Promising treatment strategies such as cognitive behavioural therapy and collaborative care approach should be considered with or without antidepressants drug therapy for depressed COPD patients. Further studies are needed with large randomised controlled trials to examine the efficacy of antidepressants in patients with COPD with long-term follow-up.

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A Comparison of Inflammatory Markers in Depressed and Nondepressed Smokers

Cited by 47 publications

References 40 publications

SLC6A4STin2 VNTR genetic polymorphism is associated with tobacco use disorder, but not with successful smoking cessation or smoking characteristics: a case control study

SLC6A4STin2 VNTR genetic polymorphism is associated with tobacco use disorder, but not with successful smoking cessation or smoking characteristics: a case control study

Increased risk of suicide attempt in bipolar patients with severe tobacco dependence

Pharmacological Treatment of Depression in Older Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Impact on the Course of the Disease and Health Outcomes

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