A Comparison of Hydrogen, Quinhydrone and Glass Electrodes in Magnesium Sulfate Solutions

Amis, E.S.; Gabbard, J.L.

doi:10.1021/ja01282a038

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…The performance of this glass in eth anol appears t.o b e similar to its performance in strong acid and salt sol utions. This can be seen from inspection of table 5 and figures 6, 7, 8, and 9, which give similar data for sulfuric [5], form ic, and acetic acids [21] and magnesium sulfat e [22]. All of these have been plot.ted on a Durability exposure 48 hours at 78° C. content.…”

Section: Ethanol and Acid Solutionssupporting

confidence: 55%

Voltage anomalies of the glass electrode and the chemical durability of the glass

Hubbard¹,

Rynders²

1947

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN.

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Additional ,,·o rk ha been done on the correspondence between voltage departures (errors) of elecl rodes p repared fr om Com ing 01 5 g lass and t he change in t he chemical durabili ty of the g lass . The results con firm and extend t he earli er findin gs that voltage depart ures of the elcetrod e arc accompanied by durabili ty chan ges of t he glass. Th e pronoullced voltage departures in the a lkaline region an d in h ydrofluoric acid solution s are accompanied by conspie uou attack of the glass. Dilu te solu t ions of acids that do not form so luble compounds of s ilica cause swell ing of the glass. Th is s,,·el li ng is repressed as the concent ralion of lhe solution s is in creased . As i to be expected from the di stribution Jaw and Donnan membran e conside rations, th is repression of swellin g was also br ought aQout by high CQJ1cent rations of orga ni c acids and salts as well as b y the so-called "stro ng" a ids.The attac k of Corning 01 5 glass by alkaline solutions of different ion s was found to be in the orde r, Na+> Li+> K +> Ba++> NH.+, ,,"hich is the same order dicta ted for these ions by the voltage depar t ure data.

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Section: Ethanol and Acid Solutionssupporting

confidence: 55%

Voltage anomalies of the glass electrode and the chemical durability of the glass

Hubbard¹,

Rynders²

1947

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN.

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“…69 methylammonium salt is 3.26 X 10~5. The weakest of the substituted salts is choline (hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium) picrate, whose constant is 0.66 X 10-5, while the strongest salt is methoxymethyltrimethylammonium picrate (K = 2.54 X 10-5), an isomer of the choline salt. The two isomeric ions have the same conductance but one contains the weakly polar methoxy group, the other, the strongly polar hydroxyl group.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarographic Characteristics of Chloro Complexes of +5 Antimony

Lingane¹,

Nishida²

1947

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

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Vol. 60 methylammonium salt is 3.26 X low5. The weakest of the substituted salts is choline (hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium) picrate, whose constant is 0.66 X while the strongest salt is methoxymet hyltrimethylammonium picrate (K = 2.54 X an isomer of the choline salt. The two isomeric ions have the same conductance but one contains the weakly polar methoxy group, the other, the strongly polar hydroxyl group.Bromomethyltrimethylammonium picrate is a markedly weaker electrolyte than the corresponding bromoethyl salt (K = 0.78 X and 1.32 X Evidently, the effect is the greater, the nearer the substituent lies to the central charge on the nitrogen atom. Larger dissociation constants result with substitution of larger atoma, as, for example, the bromomethyl derivative is weaker than the corresponding iodomethyl compound. The arsenocholine salt is stronger than the choline salt but the corresponding salt of acetylcholine is stronger than that of acetylarsenocholine.In what rnanner the electronegative atoms or groups in the onium ions act in order to reduce the values of the dissociation constant of the ion-pair equilibrium is somewhat uncertain as yet. In the case of choline, hydrogen bonding with the negative ion might be suspected through the intermediation of the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group. That such hydrogen bonding occurs in the case of unsubstituted and partially substituted ammonium ions in nitrobenzene is well established.6 However, the halogens, when introduced into the onium ions, have much the same effect as has the hydroxyl group It seems unlikely that the observed effect may be accounted for on the basis of hydrogen bonding. respectively). (6) Witschonki!, Thesis, Brown University, 1941.The introduction of a negative element or group serves to introduce an electrical dipole into the ion. It is conceivable that interaction occurs between the ions and the dipoles. Perhaps the greatest objection to the dipole interpretation is the fact that the nearer the substituent atom lies to the charge on the nitrogen atom, the greater is its effect. Thus, the constant of the bromoethyl derivative is 1.32 X lov5, while that of the bromomethyl derivative is 0.78 X loF6. If dipole interaction is a controlling factor, we should expect the effect to be the greater the more exposed the position of the dipole.On the basis of the available experimental results, it seems more reasonable to ascribe the effect of electronegative elements to a displacement of the center of charge in the ion. This accords with the fact that the effect is the greater, the nearer the negative atom, or group, lies to the nitrogen atom.V. Summary 1. The conductance of the following picrates has been measured in ethylene chloride a t 25': ethyltrimethylammonium, choline, acetylcholine, arsenocholine, acetylarsenocholine, bromoethyltrimethylammonium, bromomethyltrimethylarnmonium, iodomethyltrimethylammonium, and methoxymethyltrimethylammonium.2. Values of A. and of K (dissociation constant) were obtained for all salts by the method of Fuoss.3. The dis...

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Vergleichende pH‐Messungen mit der Wasserstoff‐ und der Glaselektrode

Schwabe¹

1937

Zeitschrift für Elektrochemie und angewandte physikalische Chem

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A Comparison of Hydrogen, Quinhydrone and Glass Electrodes in Magnesium Sulfate Solutions

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

Voltage anomalies of the glass electrode and the chemical durability of the glass

Voltage anomalies of the glass electrode and the chemical durability of the glass

Polarographic Characteristics of Chloro Complexes of +5 Antimony

Vergleichende pH‐Messungen mit der Wasserstoff‐ und der Glaselektrode

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