A comparison of hair and serum trace elements in patients with Alzheimer disease and healthy participants

Abstract

Background/aim: To determine whether there was a difference between serum and hair trace elements' concentrations in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and healthy participants. Materials and methods:Hair and serum copper, selenium, zinc, magnesium, manganese, and iron levels were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry in patients with AD and healthy participants, and the obtained results were statistically compared. Results:The mean hair selenium and zinc levels of patients with AD were significantly lower than the levels found for control participants (P < 0.05). Patients with AD had significantly higher mean hair copper and manganese levels than the controls. There were no significant differences between AD patients and controls with respect to the hair iron and magnesium levels (P > 0.05). Hair and serum trace element (copper, selenium, zinc, magnesium, manganese, and iron) levels in patients with AD showed no significant difference according to mini mental test scores or sex (P > 0.05). Conclusion:Some trace element levels may change in patients with AD. Due to the more permanent status, the analysis of these element levels in hair might be superior to blood analysis.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the circulatory, erythrocellular and CSF selenium levels in Alzheimer's disease: A metal meta-analysis (AMMA study-I)

“…Of the remaining 66, 51 irrelevant studies were excluded by reviewing the title and abstracts. A total of 15 full text articles [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][20][21][22] were thoroughly reviewed for their inclusion. Of these, 3 duplicate articles were excluded [20][21][22].…”

“…As an antioxidant it protects OS mediated cell damage through a series of selenoproteins mainly glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and selenoprotein P [2,6]. The results of the available studies on selenium levels in AD are inconsistent [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. While some studies have shown that AD patients have lower selenium levels [7,9,10,14,16,17], others [8,[11][12][13]15,18] have contrariwise reported an increased or no change.…”

CIMMYT Series on Carbohydrates, Wheat, Grains, and Health: Impact of Minerals, Phytochemicals, Specific Grain-Based Foods, and Dietary Patterns on Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, and Parkinson's Disease

“…Excess zinc favors formation of zinc-Ab (b-amyloid) complexes, b-amyloid precursor protein expression, and plaque burden (10,11,17). Furthermore, zinc deposition in amyloid in the brain appears to deplete zinc from other body systems, resulting in low hair and serum levels (10,11,16,17,(20)(21)(22)(23). Studies have also shown that copper and manganese levels in hair are higher and selenium level is lower in patients with Alzheimer's disease than in healthy controls (21,22), and magnesium levels in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with Alzheimer's disease is lower than in healthy controls (22).…”

“…Furthermore, zinc deposition in amyloid in the brain appears to deplete zinc from other body systems, resulting in low hair and serum levels (10,11,16,17,(20)(21)(22)(23). Studies have also shown that copper and manganese levels in hair are higher and selenium level is lower in patients with Alzheimer's disease than in healthy controls (21,22), and magnesium levels in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with Alzheimer's disease is lower than in healthy controls (22). Redox-active minerals such as copper and iron can promote oxidation, which is thought to occur early in the process of neurodegeneration and is a hallmark of both Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease (15)(16)(17)24,25).…”

Applied Orthogonal Experiment Design for the Optimum Extraction Conditions of High Concentration Selenium from Maifanite

“…[4] [5] [6]. In order to improve the concentration of selenium in the maifanite concentrate, we designed the orthogonal experiments from six factors: size of maifanite, concentration of maifanite, soaking time at room temperature, heating temperature, heating time and pH value.…”