A Comparison of Frozen and Reconstituted Cattle and Human Skin as Barriers to Drug Penetration

Pitman, Ian H.; Rostas, Susan J.

doi:10.1002/jps.2600710413

Cited by 17 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…However, the most important layer of the skin for maintaining the skin's barrier function is the stratum corneum (Madison, 2003), which is composed of 'dead' cells called corneocytes filled with keratin (Ersser et al, 2005). As the stratum corneum cells are 'dead' even in vivo, postmortem samples of human, pig and cattle tissues are frequently used as a model for live human tissue in pharmaceutical studies examining skin permeability (Pitman and Rostas, 1982;Netzlaff et al, 2006). The skin samples used in this study were frozen for a maximum of 4.5 months before being defrosted and tested for permeability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bovine skin shows typical mammalian skin morphology, with a slightly different composition of epidermal lipids (Netzlaff et al, 2006) and a higher density of hair follicles (Pitman and Rostas, 1982) than human skin. The mammalian skin acts as a protective barrier for the body by preventing the entry of pathogens and protecting against physical and chemical damage (Proksch et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of slurry on skin permeability to methylene blue dye in dairy cows with and without a history of digital dermatitis

Palmer

Donnelly

Garland

et al. 2013

Animal

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This study aimed to determine whether there was a difference in skin permeability to methylene blue dye or skin morphology between dairy cows that differed in their susceptibility to digital dermatitis (DD) and to assess the effect of contact with slurry on skin permeability. Twenty nine dairy cows were monitored for DD during the winter housing period and classed as DD1 (previous DD infection, n 5 17), or DD2 (no recorded infection, n 5 12). The animals were culled and a skin sample was taken from above the heel of each hind foot and frozen. Samples were later defrosted and one sample from each cow was tested for permeability, whereas the other was treated with slurry for 24 h before permeability testing. To test permeability, methylene blue dye was applied to the skin surface in a Franz diffusion cell. After 48 h, the amount of dye that had passed through the skin was estimated. The stratum corneum thickness and the density of hair follicles were determined from additional heel skin samples. Skin permeability to methylene blue dye was significantly greater for samples that had been treated with slurry but did not differ between DD1 and DD2 animals. No difference was found in the stratum corneum thickness or density of hair follicles between DD1 and DD2 animals. These findings imply that individual differences in general skin permeability are not a major factor in determining DD susceptibility and suggest that contact with slurry could contribute to DD infection by increasing the permeability of the skin, which may facilitate pathogen entry. Further work is required to clarify the role played by slurry in the pathogenesis of DD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%