A comparison of forward-looking sonar design alternatives

Detecting submerged objects: The application of side scan sonar to forensic contexts

“…Furthermore, with improvements of geophysical technologies for object detection, more advanced technologies will be eventually incorporated into the search protocol for submersed objects. For example, there are a variety of forward-looking sonar (FLS) designs, including those that are operated by an AUV, that are currently used in mine hunting operations and obstacle and terrain detection [50]. More recently, the Echoscope 3-D sonar technology that was developed by CodaOctopus Products Ltd. uses a narrow fan of acoustic beams to provide a real-time 3-D image of the underwater landscape that will accurately measure the position of detected underwater objects relative to the ship [51].…”

AUV (Redermor) Obstacle Detection and Avoidance Experimental Evaluation

“…Avoidance detection A Forward Looking Sonar (FLS) can prevent the vehicle from obstacles or terrain that may endanger the underwater vehicle. The AUV can be met with moored platform in harbors, reefs, fishes… A number of technologies have been developed during the last decade to perform obstacle avoidance [1], starting from the basic echo-sounder and going until the 3D high resolution sonar using a 2D planar array. Emphasis on this problem has been pointed out during the European MAST ASIMOV project [2].…”

“…However, looking for a robust detection and avoidance capability for AUV is still a hot topic today. (1) , A. Hétet (2) , Y. Dupas (2) and S. Lefèvre The Redermor is the experimental platform deployed from the French Navy ship BEGM Thetis. It is a heavy and large AUV (3.8 tons x 6 m).…”

“…The AUV needs to process automatically information extracted from sonar images in order to choose own action strategies. Processing steps performed on FLS images can be as follows: 1) automatic detection of echoes and/or acoustic shadows; 2) object tracking and false alarm reduction; 3) echoes association and acoustic shadow characterization in order to estimate the shape or, at least, the extend of the obstacle; 4) rough localisation of obstacles to inform the vehicle supervisor in real-time about the position of the hazard; 5) bounding box definition around the detected obstacle defining an area to avoid; 6) selection between hazardous obstacles (net, (1 )Laboratoire E3I2 EA3876, Ecole Nationale des Etudes et Techniques de l'Armement -2, rue François Verny, 29806 Brest Cedex 9, France. Phone : 33 2 98 34 89 15.…”

Ανάπτυξη Υβριδικής Αρχιτεκτονικής Πλοήγησης Αυτόνομων Υποβρύχιων Οχημάτων Με Ασαφή Λογική Και Γενετικούς Αλγόριθμους

“…Η βασική ιδέα στην ανίχνευση εμποδίων είναι η χρήση ενός ή περισσοτέρων αισθητήρων υπέρηχων, που είναι τοποθετημένοι στην κατεύθυνση κίνησης. Κατά την διάρκεια της περασμένης δεκαετίας αναπτύχθηκαν διάφοροι αισθητήρες, που ποικίλουν από τους απλούς αισθητήρες υπερήχων μέχρι τους τρισδιάστατους αισθητήρες υψηλής ευκρίνειας[92]. Πάντως ο τομέας της ανίχνευσης και αποφυγής εμποδίων συγκεντρώνει μέχρι σήμερα αρκετή ερευνητική δραστηριότητα.…”