A comparison of five rapid direct toxicity assessment methods to determine toxicity of pollutants to activated sludge

Dalzell, David J.B; Alte, Stefan; Aspichueta, E.; Sota, Alejandro de la; Etxebarría, Javier; Gutiérrez, Mónica; Hoffmann, Caroline; Sales, D.; Obst, U.; Christofi, N.

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(01)00331-9

Cited by 197 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Dalzell et al [41] demonstrated that Vibrio fischeri test is a sensitive bioassay for a wide range of toxic substances. In this experiment the results of luminescence inhibition test (ED50 value) did not change significantly after the red mud treatment in any soil layer.…”

Section: Microbiology and Ecotoxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of leaching from alkaline red mud on soil biota: modelling the conditions after the Hungarian red mud disaster

Rékási

Feigl

Uzinger

et al. 2013

Chemistry and Ecology

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A soil column experiment was set up to investigate the effect of red mud from Ajka (Hungary) on a typical soil profile from the concerned area. The chemical changes caused by the leachate of the red mud and the effects of these changes on living organisms were assessed. Ecotoxicological tests with Vibrio fischeri, Sinapis alba and Folsomia candida were performed and the number of aerobic heterotrophic microorganisms was determined. The total, plant available, exchangeable and water soluble fractions of Na, Mo, Cu, and Cr increased in the soil mostly due to their leaching from the red mud layer and partly to the increase of the pH and DOC concentration. The chemical changes had significant effects on the test organisms only in the 0 -30 cm soil layer except for F. candida that had a lower survival rate also in the 30 -50 cm soil layer. There were no severe toxic effects detected on the test organisms. Furthermore in case of the aerobic heterotrophic cell number and S. alba germination a stimulating effect was revealed. However, the red mud itself was toxic, therefore the performed ecotoxicology tests have justified the removal of red mud from the soil surface after the disaster.

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Section: Microbiology and Ecotoxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of leaching from alkaline red mud on soil biota: modelling the conditions after the Hungarian red mud disaster

Rékási

Feigl

Uzinger

et al. 2013

Chemistry and Ecology

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“…In a study with Microtox at this WTP during the same period, Araújo et al (2005) found a mean toxicity reduction of 92.71%. Several authors have shown that Microtox test is more sensitive to the action of toxicants than respirometry (Kilroy and Gray, 1992;Dalzell et al, 2002;Ricco et al, 2004). On the other hand, respirometry seems to be more accurate than Microtox to assess the toxicity reduction at this WTP, since it is a more direct method for assessing sludge activity and thus toxicity to sludge (Ren, 2004) and the whole microbial community is involved in the process, instead of only one organism (Vibrio fischeri), in the Microtox test.…”

Section: Activity Respiration and Chemical Demand Oxygen (Cod) Reductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Wastewater treatment is carried out by a combination of physical, chemical and biological methods, being activated sludge, the most used biological treatment, due to its high performance (Pujol and Canler, 1992). The activated sludge consists of a complex assemblage of micro-organisms in which a minor change in the environmental conditions caused by the wastewater composition or plant operation may lead to a cascade of events causing changes in the community, influencing the microbial biodegradation of certain chemicals, therefore, reducing the quality of the treated wastewater (Madoni et al, 1996;Forney et al, 2001;Dalzell et al, 2002). The functioning of a WTP to inhibitory compounds may also vary due to variable organic loading, biomass concentration, hydraulic residence time and a possible biological adaptation from the activated sludge organisms .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilisation of respirometry to assess organic matter reduction of effluents from the Camaçari industrial complex (BA, Brazil)

Oliveira

Araújo

Nascimento

et al. 2007

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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The treatment efficiency of industrial effluents, after biological treatment by activated sludge in aeration tanks (AT), was assessed through the utilisation of respirometry tests at the Cetrel's-wastewater treatment plant (WTP). Samples of the equalised effluent (EE), prior to treatment, and of the treated effluent (TE), after treatment, were analysed. Twenty bioassays batch were carried out to AT (AT-2, AT-3 and AT-4). Each test consisted of

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“…It has been reported that the A. fischeri bioluminescence-assay is one of the most sensitive methods for a wide range of chemicals, compared to other bioassays (e.g., nitrification inhibition, respirometry, ATP luminescence, and enzyme inhibition) (Vanhala et al 1994;Dalzell et al 2002;Parvez et al 2006). Compared to the test using Daphnia magna, Microtox ® has advantages of short time for the test preparation (cultivation and reconstitution of bacteria) and relatively easier test method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposed method for controlling turbid particles in solid-phase bioluminescent toxicity measurement

Yeo

Park

Ahn

et al. 2015

Environ Monit Assess

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In the recent half century, numerous methods have been developed to assess ecological toxicity. However, the presence of solid-particle turbidity sometimes causes such tests to end with questionable results. Many researchers focused on controlling this arbitrary turbidity effect when using the Microtox® Solid-Phase toxicity system, but there is not yet a standard method. In this study, I examined four solid-phase sample test methods recommended in the Microtox® manual, or proposed from the literature, and compared the existing methods with the proposed method (c-BSPT, centrifuged-BSPT). Four existing methods use the following strategies to control turbid particles: complete separation of liquid and solid using 0.45-μm filtration before contacting solid samples and bacteria, natural settlement, moderate separation of large particles using coarser-pore-size filtration, and exclusion of light loss in the toxicity calculation caused by turbidity after full disturbance of samples. The proposed method uses moderate centrifugation to separate out the heavier soil particles from the lighter bacteria after direct ii contact between them. Among the solid-phase methods tested, in which the bacteria and solid particles were in direct contact (i.e., three existing methods and the newly proposed one, c-BSPT), no single method could be recommended as optimal for samples over a range of turbidity. Instead, a simple screening strategy for selecting a sample-dependent solid-phase test method was suggested, depending on the turbidity of the solid suspension.The results of this study highlight the importance of considering solid particles, and the necessity for optimal selection of test method to reduce errors in the measurement of solid-phase toxicity.

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A comparison of five rapid direct toxicity assessment methods to determine toxicity of pollutants to activated sludge

Cited by 197 publications

References 15 publications

Effects of leaching from alkaline red mud on soil biota: modelling the conditions after the Hungarian red mud disaster

Effects of leaching from alkaline red mud on soil biota: modelling the conditions after the Hungarian red mud disaster

Utilisation of respirometry to assess organic matter reduction of effluents from the Camaçari industrial complex (BA, Brazil)

Proposed method for controlling turbid particles in solid-phase bioluminescent toxicity measurement

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