A Comparison of Etiology, Pathogenesis, Vaccinal and Antiviral Drug Development between Influenza and COVID-19

Abstract

Influenza virus and coronavirus, two kinds of pathogens that exist widely in nature, are common emerging pathogens that cause respiratory tract infections in humans. In December 2019, a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 emerged, causing a severe respiratory infection named COVID-19 in humans, and raising a global pandemic which has persisted in the world for almost three years. Influenza virus, a seasonally circulating respiratory pathogen, has caused four global pandemics in humans since 1918 by the emergence of novel variants. Studies have shown that there are certain similarities in transmission mode and pathogenesis between influenza and COVID-19, and vaccination and antiviral drugs are considered to have positive roles as well as several limitations in the prevention and control of both diseases. Comparative understandings would be helpful to the prevention and control of these diseases. Here, we review the study progress in the etiology, pathogenesis, vaccine and antiviral drug development for the two diseases.

Sepsis – it is all about the platelets

“…Covid-19 causes multi-organ failure and is a viral sepsis ( 65 ). Influenza A, both seasonal influenza and pandemic variants (H1N1 (1918 & 2009), H2N2 (1957) and H3N2 (1968)) can lead to multi-organ failure ( 213 ). Other viruses with the potential to become pandemics are the viral haemorrhagic fevers, including Marburg, Ebola and Dengue all of which cause DIC and multi-organ failure ( 214 – 216 ).…”

Covid-19, Пандемічний Грип А(h1n1): Клінічні Та Патологоанатомічні Порівняння

“…Метод продемонстрував високу відповідність з контрольними аналізами [3]. Дослідження показали, що є певна подібність у способі передачі та патогенезі грипу та COVID-19 [4].…”

Development of rapid nucleic acid testing techniques for common respiratory infectious diseases in the Chinese population

“…In just 1 year, it has killed more than 18,000 people in more than 214 countries and overseas territories or communities ( Pandemic ). The influenza A subtype H1N1 virus exhibits a phenomenon known as “reassortment,” where its genes come from the reassortment of four different subtypes of FluA ( Libera et al, 2022 ; Luo et al, 2023 ). FluA is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus.…”