A Comparison of Educational Differences on Physical Health, Mortality, and Healthy Life Expectancy in Japan and the United States

Abstract

Japan's compulsory national health service system since April 1961 and living arrangements with adult children may play an important role for its superior health profile compared with that of the United States.

A Comprehensive Analysis of Morbidity Life Expectancies Among Older Hispanic Subgroups in the United States: Variation by Nativity and Country of Origin

“…More recent research by Garcia, Valderrama-Hinds, et al (2017) assessed morbidity life expectancies among Mexican-origin adults aged 65 and older in the Southwestern United States. Consistent with Cantu and colleagues (2013) , they found foreign-born respondents spend significantly more of their later years without a chronic condition compared with their U.S.-born counterparts, regardless of gender. In addition, this study established that the overall advantage among the foreign-born in life expectancies after age 65 without a chronic condition was stronger among women than men.…”

“…While a clear advantage in mortality has been documented among older Hispanic subgroups, particularly the foreign-born ( Fenelon et al, 2017 ), research examining health selectivity in morbidity life expectancies among older Hispanic subgroups are scarce. For example, Cantu and colleagues (2013) were the first to document morbidity life expectancies among older whites, blacks, U.S.-born Hispanics, and foreign-born Hispanics in the United States. Using NHIS data for 1997–2006, they found foreign-born Hispanics had the longest life expectancies at age 50 and spent more of their later years without a chronic condition compared with whites, regardless of gender.…”

“…Furthermore, this study showed the relationship between nativity and morbidity life expectancies varied by gender. Specifically, foreign-born Hispanic women were found to be the most advantaged in the number of years lived without morbidity, whereas U.S.-born Hispanic women were the most disadvantaged in the number of years lived with morbidity ( Cantu et al, 2013 ). Although Cantu and colleagues differentiated between foreign-born and U.S.-born Hispanics, this study was limited to analyzing Hispanics as a pan-ethnic group.…”

“…Studies on trends in morbidity have shown an increase in the proportion of older individuals living with major diseases such as diabetes, cancer, stroke, and heart disease ( Crimmins & Beltrán-Sánchez, 2011 ; Martin & Schoeni, 2014 ), resulting in a growth of the population living longer with disease ( Crimmins & Levine, 2016 ). Research has documented racial/ethnic and nativity differences among older Hispanics ( Cantu, Hayward, Hummer, & Chiu, 2013 ) and elder Mexican Americans ( Garcia, Valderrama-Hinds, et al, 2017 ) in life expectancy with morbidity, life expectancy without morbidity, and the proportion of late life spent with morbidity. However, older Hispanics in the United States are heterogeneous in their nativity and country of origin composition.…”

Coefficient of Aging Rate - One of the Markers in Evaluation of the Population Physical Health

“…Скорость старения и продолжительность жизни являются популяционно-специфическими понятиями -в различных регионах данные по ним существенно разнятся [6,7,8]. В этой связи становится очевидным, что градация понятий «нормальное», «ускоренное» и «замедленное» старение также должна быть дифференцирована в зависимости от региона проживания человека.…”