A comparison of ectomycorrhiza communities from three conifer species planted on forest gap edges

Abstract

We examined the ectomycorrhiza communities on lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt) seedlings planted together on mature-forest edges in northwestern British Columbia. We examined 32 seedlings of each tree species, grouped by pairs along the north and south edges of eight gaps. We found 74 morphotypes in total, with an average of 52 morphotypes per tree species. Morphotypes with emanating hyphae or strands made up 60% of the overall ectomycorrhiza community. Multihost fungi averaged almost 60% of total morphotypes in species comparisons, although some of the multihost fungi appeared to have tree host preferences. The average community similarity, based on morphotype abundance, was 52% between conifer species, and 37% for morphotypes with emanating hyphae or strands. Within planted groups, between seedlings 1-2 m apart, community similarity ranged from 2 to 40% for morphotypes with emanating hyphae or strands. In mature, mixed forests, the infrequent occurrence of many multihost ectomycorrhizae created a wide range in the probability of hyphal linkages between neighboring seedlings.Résumé : Les auters ont examiné les communautés ectomycorhiziennes du pin lodgepole (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm.) de l'épinette blanche (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), et de sapin subalpin (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt) sur des semis plantés ensemble, à l'orée de forêts matures, dans le nord-ouest de la Colombie britannique. Ils ont examiné 32 plantules de chacune des trois espèces, groupées en paires, au nord et au sud de huit clairières. Ils ont trouvé 78 morphotypes entout, avec une moyenne de 52 morphotypes par espèce d'arbre. Les morphotypes munis d'hyphes irradiantes et de cordons mycéliens constituent 60% de l'ensemble de la communauté ectomycorhizienne. Les champignons à hôtes multiples comptent en moyenne pour presque 60% du total des morphotypes en comparant les espèces, bien que certains des champignongs à hôtes multiple semblent avoir une essence préférée. La similarité moyenne des communautés, basée sur l'abondance des morphotypes, est de 53% entre les espèces confériennes, et 37% pour les morphotypes munis d'hyphes irradiantes et de cordons mycéliens. À l'intérieur des groupes plantés, 1-2 m entre les plantules, la similarité des communautés va de 2-40% pour les morphotypes avec hyphes irradiaantes et cordons mycéliens. Dans les forêts mixtes immatures, la rare occurrence d'ectomycorhizes à hôtes multiples crée une grande amplitude dans la probabilité de continuité mycélienne entre des plantules voisines.

The time of urea treatment and its effects on the succession of ammonia fungi in two warm temperate forests in Japan

“…On the whole, the difference of the vegetation type was more effective on fruiting and species composition of LP than on those of EP. This result suggests that, in LP species, there exists a sort of "host preference" in the sense of Imazeki and Hongo (1987) and Otani and Hongo (1988), who based their reports on fruit body collecting experiences in various types of forests, rather than "host specificity" in the sense of Molina and Trappe (1982), Kranabetter et al (1999), and Massicotte et al (1999), who based their reports on observation of ECM connection between fungi and their host plants.…”

“…First, the quantity and size of fruit bodies are known to be generally larger in ECM species than in SAP ones (Fukiharu 1991;Fukiharu and Kato 1997;Murakami 1987;Vogt et al 1992). Second, the existence of host specificity or host preference as mentioned by Imazeki and Hongo (1987), Otani and Hongo (1988), Kranabetter et al (1999), Massicotte et al (1999), and Molina and Trappe (1982) may affect the species composition of ECM communities. Because these two characteristics are quite widespread, they may also be observed in fruiting of the ammonia fungi.…”

Response of ectomycorrhizal fungus sporocarp production to varying levels and patterns of green-tree retention

“…Most studies focused on effects of disturbance on residual fungus inoculum and on the amount and diversity of ectomycorrhiza (EM) types on seedlings planted in situ or in greenhouse experiments Parke et al, 1983bParke et al, , 1984Pilz and Perry, 1984;Dahlberg and Stenström, 1991;Harvey et al, 1996;Jones et al, 1997Jones et al, , 2002. Some studies have also examined EM diversity on seedlings planted near forest edges or aggregates of retained live trees (Kranabetter and Wylie, 1998;Kranabetter, 1999;Kranabetter et al, 1999;Kranabetter and Friesen, 2002). A universal finding emerges from this work: the EMF community as seen on root tips changes significantly in disturbed sites compared to undisturbed, nearby forests (Jones et al, 2003).…”

Dynamics of fruit-body production and mycorrhiza formation of ectomycorrhizal ammonia fungi in warm temperate forests in Japan

“…Dynamics of fruit-body production and mycorrhiza formation of ectomycorrhizal ammonia fungi in warm temperate forests in Japan Dighton et al 1986;Arnolds 1988;Vogt et al 1992;Keizer and Arnolds 1994;Jumpponen et al 1999;Walker and Miller 2002) and then attempted to identify ectomycorrhizae in terms of fungal symbionts by morphological typing (Danielson and Pruden 1989;Baxter et al 1999;Kranabetter et al 1999;Massicotte et al 1999) and by polymerase chain reaction-restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis (Gardes et al 1991;Bruns 1993, 1996;Dahlberg et al 1997;Gehring et al 1998;Jonsson L. et al 1999;Jonsson T. et al 1999;Jonsson L. et al 2000;Glen et al 2001;Peter et al 2001). Studies on changes in the fungal fl ora after Napplication (N-fertilization) have also been conducted (Alexander and Fairley 1983;Termorshuizen 1993;Boxman et al 1998;Brandrud and Timmermann 1998;Jonsson et al 2000;Peter et al 2001) and revealed the effects of air pollution and acid rain containing NO x on fungi in Europe.…”

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Walker and Miller 2002) and then attempted to identify ectomycorrhizae in terms of fungal symbionts by morphological typing (Danielson and Pruden 1989;Baxter et al 1999;Kranabetter et al 1999;Massicotte et al 1999) and by polymerase chain reaction-restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis (Gardes et al

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