A Comparison of Dual‐Energy X‐Ray Absorptiometry and Somatometrics for Determining Body Fat in Rhesus Macaques

Colman, Ricki J.; Hudson, John C.; Barden, Howard S.; Kemnitz, Joseph W.

doi:10.1002/j.1550-8528.1999.tb00395.x

Cited by 22 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Similar results have been reported by Colman et al (1999a) who made statistical analyses of DXA and such fatness indicators as body mass, body mass index, body circumference, and abdominal skinfold thickness in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Although body mass and skinfold thickness appear to reflect fat mass well for immature individuals, the physique index does not, probably because growth in linear dimensions greatly affects the physique index.…”

Section: Fat Accumulation In Japanese Macaquessupporting

confidence: 86%

Seasonal variation in the body fat of Japanese macaques Macaca fuscata.

et al. 2003

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Abstract. Japanese macaques Macaca fuscata inhabit the Japanese archipelago where they experience markedly seasonal warm and cool temperate climates. Their reproduction and their nutritional status follow clearly seasonal patterns. Their status can be effectively evaluated based on their total body fat, but making such measurements has been difficult. In this study, the body fat of Japanese macaques was studied using Double Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). Adult males were found to have a median fat mass of 7% and adult females 9%. Using the 90th percentile as the criterion, we determined the levels of obesity in Japanese macaques as 17% in males and 27% in females. Fatness indicators (physique index and skinfold thickness) were found to correlate well with total body fat and fat mass percentage. Fat mass is estimated fairly well from these indicators. Fatness indicators change seasonally in artificially reared Japanese macaques.

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Section: Fat Accumulation In Japanese Macaquessupporting

confidence: 86%

Seasonal variation in the body fat of Japanese macaques Macaca fuscata.

et al. 2003

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“…DXA has a precision (CV%) of o4% for total body and regional composition in rhesus monkeys. 18 Animals were placed in a supine position for scanning with DXA scanner model DPX-L (GE/Lunar Corp., Madison WI, USA). Images were acquired and analyzed with pediatric software (versions 1.5e and 4.0a, respectively) to determine total body and abdominal lean and fat mass, as reported previously.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Images were acquired and analyzed with pediatric software (versions 1.5e and 4.0a, respectively) to determine total body and abdominal lean and fat mass, as reported previously. 18 Each scan lasted B15 min. The abdominal region of interest was defined by area between the thoracic (T) 12-lumbar (L) 1 interspace and the L6-L7 interspace.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prenatal androgen excess negatively impacts body fat distribution in a nonhuman primate model of polycystic ovary syndrome

et al. 2007

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Introduction: Prenatally androgenized (PA) female rhesus monkeys share metabolic abnormalities in common with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women. Early gestation exposure (E) results in insulin resistance, impaired pancreatic b-cell function and type 2 diabetes, while late gestation exposure (L) results in supranormal insulin sensitivity that declines with increasing body mass index (BMI). Objective: To determine whether PA females have altered body fat distribution. Design: Five early-treated PA (EPA), five late-treated PA (LPA) and five control adult female monkeys underwent somatometrics, dual-X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and abdominal computed tomography (CT). Five control and five EPA females underwent an intravenous glucose tolerance test to assess the relationship between body composition and glucoregulation. Results: There were no differences in age, weight, BMI or somatometrics. LPA females had B20% greater DXA-determined total fat and percent body fat, as well as total and percent abdominal fat than EPA or control females (Pp0.05). LPA females also had B40% more CT-determined non-visceral abdominal fat than EPA or control females (Pp0.05). The volume of visceral fat was similar among the three groups. EPA (R 2 ¼ 0.94, Pp0.01) and LPA (R 2 ¼ 0.53, P ¼ 0.16) females had a positive relationship between visceral fat and BMI, although not significant for LPA females. Conversely, control females had a positive relationship between non-visceral fat and BMI (R 2 ¼ 0.98, Pp0.001). There was a positive relationship between basal insulin and total body (R 2 ¼ 0.95, Pp0.007), total abdominal (R 2 ¼ 0.81, Pp0.04) and visceral (R 2 ¼ 0.82, Pp0.03) fat quantities in EPA, but not control females. Conclusions: Prenatal androgenization in female rhesus monkeys induces adiposity-dependent visceral fat accumulation, and late gestation androgenization causes increased total body and non-visceral fat mass. Early gestation androgenization induces visceral fat-dependent hyperinsulinemia. The relationship between the timing of prenatal androgen exposure and body composition phenotypes in this nonhuman primate model for PCOS may provide insight into the heterogeneity of metabolic defects found in PCOS women.

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“…This is the first study presenting body composition data using the stable isotope method in the Japanese macaque. Leptin correlated very poorly with total body fat measured with isotopic method but anthropometric measurements, such as body mass and skinfold thickness, could provide valid estimates of total body fat, as suggested in previous studies using DEXA (Colman et al, 1999;Hamada et al, 2003;Takahashi et al, 2006). Given the results obtained with the deuterium technique, the anthropometric measurements, even though less precise, remain a valid method for estimating body condition because it provides an easy, inexpensive, and non-invasive way of doing serial evaluations of body composition changes.…”

Section: Discussion Body Composition In Female Japanese Macaques and mentioning

confidence: 75%

Energetic consequences of seasonal breeding in female Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata)

Garcia¹,

Huffman

Shimizu

et al. 2011

American J Phys Anthropol

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Japanese macaques inhabit a relatively cold environment and females of this species could have developed strategies of energy economy to face the sometimes-harsh seasonal conditions of temperate climates, as well as reproductive costs, and thus regulate their energy balance. Here, we explore the relationship between nutritional status, body composition, seasonality, and reproductive status using isotope-labeled water, anthropometric measurements, and leptin assays from 14 captive female Japanese macaques. Our results indicated that body mass provided the best predictor of fat-free mass and fat mass. These females varied in estimated percent body fat between 8 and 25% (18% on average at the beginning of the mating season and 13% during the birth season). Higher body mass and body fat content were observed at the beginning of the mating season, which supports the hypothesis that individual females need to attain a sufficient physical condition to cover energy costs associated with mating activity, and to survive under severe ecological conditions in winter with high thermoregulatory costs. We found a relationship between conception rates and energetic condition or body fat, with females that conceived during one mating season being fatter after the end of their previous mating season. Together, these results suggest that, even in captive settings with constant food availability, seasonal breeding entails relatively high energy costs, and that females with higher energy status could invest more in reproductive activities and could afford to reproduce more rapidly.

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A Comparison of Dual‐Energy X‐Ray Absorptiometry and Somatometrics for Determining Body Fat in Rhesus Macaques

Cited by 22 publications

References 36 publications

Seasonal variation in the body fat of Japanese macaques Macaca fuscata.

Seasonal variation in the body fat of Japanese macaques Macaca fuscata.

Prenatal androgen excess negatively impacts body fat distribution in a nonhuman primate model of polycystic ovary syndrome

Energetic consequences of seasonal breeding in female Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata)

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