A comparison of doses and techniques between specialist and non-specialist centres in the diagnostic X-ray imaging of children

Kyriou, John; Fitzgerald, Mary; Pettett, A.; Cook, Jeffrey; Pablot, S M

doi:10.1259/0007-1285-69-821-437

Cited by 39 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…The ESAKs recorded in this study following changes in tube potential were comparable with other studies [10,12,13]. A survey of ESAKs in adult chest radiography in Malaysia found wide variation in doses [2].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Evaluation of radiation dose and image quality following changes to tube potential (kVp) in conventional paediatric chest radiography

Ramanaidu¹,

Maria²,

Ng³

et al. 2006

Biomed. Imaging Interv. J.

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PurposeA study of radiation dose and image quality following changes to the tube potential (kVp) in paediatric chest radiography.Materials and MethodA total of 109 patients ranging from 1 month to 15 years were included in two phases of the study. Phase 1 investigated the range of entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) values received from patients exposed to the existing exposure factors. In the second phase, new exposure factors using recommended values of tube potential (kVp) with reduced mAs were used. ESAK values were measured using thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLDs). Image quality in both phases was evaluated using image quality criteria proposed by the Council of the European Communities (CEC). Results of both techniques were analysed for any differences.ResultsThe overall mean ESAK before the changes was 0.22 mGy (range: 0.05-0.43) Following changes in tube potential, the overall mean reduced to 0.15 mGy (range: 0.03-0.38), a significant reduction by 34%. The interquartile range was reduced from 45% to 40%. However, doses to those below a year in age still remained high. Assessment of image quality was found to have no significant differences as far as the two techniques used were concerned. However, higher image scores were achieved using higher kVps.ConclusionSignificant dose reduction was achieved through appropriate changes in tube potential and reduction of mAs without any loss in image quality.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Evaluation of radiation dose and image quality following changes to tube potential (kVp) in conventional paediatric chest radiography

Ramanaidu¹,

Maria²,

Ng³

et al. 2006

Biomed. Imaging Interv. J.

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show abstract

“…in the absence of 0.1 mm Cu) was determined from the measured half-value layer in aluminium. Since most authors had reported the entrance dose as a dose-in-air including backscatter [22, 23, 25–31], we followed this convention. We estimated backscatter factors for the conversion of incident air kerma to entrance dose for each age group and radiation quality using data from the NRPB report R279 [36].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gonad shielding in paediatric pelvic radiography: disadvantages prevail over benefit

et al. 2011

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ObjectiveTo re-evaluate gonad shielding in paediatric pelvic radiography in terms of attainable radiation risk reduction and associated loss of diagnostic information.MethodsA study on patient dose and the quality of gonad shielding was performed retrospectively using 500 pelvic radiographs of children from 0 to 15 years old. In a subsequent study, 195 radiographs without gonad shielding were included. Patient doses and detriment adjusted risks for heritable disease and cancer were calculated with and without gonad shielding.ResultsFor girls, gonad shields were placed incorrectly in 91% of the radiographs; for boys, in 66%. Without gonad shielding, the hereditary detriment adjusted risk for girls ranged between 0.1 × 10−6 and 1.3 × 10−6 and for boys between 0.3 × 10−6 and 3.9 × 10−6, dependent on age. With shielding, the reduction in hereditary risk for girls was on average 6 ± 3% of the total risk of the radiograph, for boys 24 ± 6%. Without gonad shielding, the effective dose ranged from 0.008 to 0.098 mSv.ConclusionsWith modern optimised X-ray systems, the reduction of the detriment adjusted risk by gonad shielding is negligibly small. Given the potential consequences of loss of diagnostic information, of retakes, and of shielding of automatic exposure-control chambers, gonad shielding might better be discontinued.

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“…Radiation doses to children from common X rays show substantial variations between hospitals within the same time period and geographic territory (29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34) Genes involved in DNA repair are critical for maintaining the integrity of genetic material transmitted from one cell to another and for protection against mutations leading to cancer. Mammalian cells rely on DNA repair systems to maintain their genomic integrity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of childhood leukemia associated with diagnostic irradiation and polymorphisms in DNA repair genes.

Infante‐Rivard

Mathonnet

Sinnett

2000

Environ Health Perspect

114

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The purpose of the study was to measure risk ofchildhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia associated with reported postnatal diagostic X rays and to determine if it was modified in the presence of variants in genes involved i:n DNA repair. We conducted a population-based case-control study with 491 cases and 491 healthy controls among children 0-9 years of age at diagnosis. it is plausible that they would be associated with altered DNA repair capacity and with modified susceptibility to cancer. We can then hypothesize that postnatal irradiation in a child with certain forms of DNA repair genes would be at increased risk of cancer.The objectives of this study were to measure the effect of reported postnatal diagnostic irradiation on childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and to carry out a preliminary study to assess whether this effect seems modified by DNA repair gene variants. Materials and MethodsGase ascertainment. The

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A comparison of doses and techniques between specialist and non-specialist centres in the diagnostic X-ray imaging of children

Cited by 39 publications

References 9 publications

Evaluation of radiation dose and image quality following changes to tube potential (kVp) in conventional paediatric chest radiography

Evaluation of radiation dose and image quality following changes to tube potential (kVp) in conventional paediatric chest radiography

Gonad shielding in paediatric pelvic radiography: disadvantages prevail over benefit

Risk of childhood leukemia associated with diagnostic irradiation and polymorphisms in DNA repair genes.

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