A comparison of conventional capture versus PIT reader techniques for estimating survival and capture probabilities of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus)

Ellison, Laura E.; O’Shea, Thomas J.; Neubaum, Daniel J.; Neubaum, Melissa A.; Pearce, Roger D.; Bowen, Richard A.

doi:10.3161/1733-5329(2007)9[149:acoccv]2.0.co;2

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…We based the survival estimates on encounters of tagged bats with PIT tag readers in fixed positions at entrances of five roosts monitored from 2001–2005 [46]. Survival was calculated using Program Mark with differences between the seropositive and negative groups determined by χ 2 goodness-of-fit tests in Program Release Test 1 [49], [65].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in Seroprevalence of Rabies Virus Neutralizing Antibodies and Associated Factors in a Colorado Population of Big Brown Bats (Eptesicus fuscus)

et al. 2014

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In 2001–2005 we sampled permanently marked big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) at summer roosts in buildings at Fort Collins, Colorado, for rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (RVNA). Seroprevalence was higher in adult females (17.9%, n = 2,332) than males (9.4%, n = 128; P = 0.007) or volant juveniles (10.2%, n = 738; P<0.0001). Seroprevalence was lowest in a drought year with local insecticide use and highest in the year with normal conditions, suggesting that environmental stress may suppress RVNA production in big brown bats. Seroprevalence also increased with age of bat, and varied from 6.2 to 26.7% among adult females at five roosts sampled each year for five years. Seroprevalence of adult females at 17 other roosts sampled for 1 to 4 years ranged from 0.0 to 47.1%. Using logistic regression, the only ranking model in our candidate set of explanatory variables for serological status at first sampling included year, day of season, and a year by day of season interaction that varied with relative drought conditions. The presence or absence of antibodies in individual bats showed temporal variability. Year alone provided the best model to explain the likelihood of adult female bats showing a transition to seronegative from a previously seropositive state. Day of the season was the only competitive model to explain the likelihood of a transition from seronegative to seropositive, which increased as the season progressed. We found no rabies viral RNA in oropharyngeal secretions of 261 seropositive bats or in organs of 13 euthanized seropositive bats. Survival of seropositive and seronegative bats did not differ. The presence of RVNA in serum of bats should not be interpreted as evidence for ongoing rabies infection.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in Seroprevalence of Rabies Virus Neutralizing Antibodies and Associated Factors in a Colorado Population of Big Brown Bats (Eptesicus fuscus)

et al. 2014

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“…Seasonal mortality. Using mark-recapture techniques from previous research (22,23), we demonstrated that mortality rates in big brown bats vary across the different seasons (Table 1). Mortality is lower during the hibernation period and higher during the summer.…”

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confidence: 86%

“…Second, there are no persistent multihost dynamics for BRV in bats (17,18), which seems to be a requirement for rabies maintenance in East African wildlife (19,20). Third, big brown bats have high fidelity to roosting areas within (21) and across seasons and years (22,23). Thus, we can assume that we are capturing the dynamics of the same population through time.…”

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confidence: 99%

Host and viral ecology determine bat rabies seasonality and maintenance

George

Webb

Farnsworth

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Rabies is an acute viral infection that is typically fatal. Most rabies modeling has focused on disease dynamics and control within terrestrial mammals (e.g., raccoons and foxes). As such, rabies in bats has been largely neglected until recently. Because bats have been implicated as natural reservoirs for several emerging zoonotic viruses, including SARS-like corona viruses, henipaviruses, and lyssaviruses, understanding how pathogens are maintained within a population becomes vital. Unfortunately, little is known about maintenance mechanisms for any pathogen in bat populations. We present a mathematical model parameterized with unique data from an extensive study of rabies in a Colorado population of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) to elucidate general maintenance mechanisms. We propose that life history patterns of many species of temperate-zone bats, coupled with sufficiently long incubation periods, allows for rabies virus maintenance. Seasonal variability in bat mortality rates, specifically low mortality during hibernation, allows long-term bat population viability. Within viable bat populations, sufficiently long incubation periods allow enough infected individuals to enter hibernation and survive until the following year, and hence avoid an epizootic fadeout of rabies virus. We hypothesize that the slowing effects of hibernation on metabolic and viral activity maintains infected individuals and their pathogens until susceptibles from the annual birth pulse become infected and continue the cycle. This research provides a context to explore similar host ecology and viral dynamics that may explain seasonal patterns and maintenance of other bat-borne diseases. chiroptera | pathogen persistence | torpor M any aspects of wildlife biology are strongly seasonal, including population dynamics of wildlife diseases (1, 2). Although mechanisms of seasonal variation of human pathogens have been well explored (3), the mechanisms for seasonality of wildlife diseases are not as well understood. Rabies virus dynamics in temperate zone bat populations exhibit a strong seasonal pattern in the number of rabies cases (Fig. 1), unlike mammalian carnivores (4). Previous analyses of bat rabies virus (BRV) using passive surveillance samples have demonstrated a higher prevalence in the spring, but especially during autumn, throughout the United States (5). However, no definitive mechanism for the seasonal pattern of rabies in bats has been described. In addition, how rabies virus is maintained within bat populations remains unclear. Here, we explore factors that drive pathogen maintenance and simultaneously explain the unique seasonal patterns of rabies in bats.Each year, rabies virus infection causes in excess of 55,000 human deaths globally, mostly from dog bites in developing countries (6). Successful vaccination programs of domesticated animals have virtually eliminated dog rabies in North America over the past 50 y, and more recent vaccination strategies for wildlife populations have controlled rabies virus in other carniv...

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“…A. Neubaum et al 2007;O'Shea et al 2010O'Shea et al , 2011. Methods of capture and tagging, which are described elsewhere (Ellison et al 2007b;O'Shea et al 2004;Wimsatt et al 2005), conformed to American Society of Mammalogists guidelines for the use of animals in research (Sikes et al 2011) and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees of Colorado State University and the United States Geological Survey. Bats were captured under authority of a scientific collecting license issued by the Colorado Division of Wildlife.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hoop-style PIT-tag readers (Ellison et al 2007a(Ellison et al , 2007bWimsatt et al 2005) were used to record movements by individuals that used entry/exit points at selected roosts from May to September of each study year. Most roosts contained only 1 major opening, although a few had multiple access points.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonrandom patterns of roost emergence in big brown bats,Eptesicus fuscus

2011

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In most colonial species of bats individuals emerge en masse from day roosts each evening to begin foraging. Although some aspects of emergence behavior are understood, one previously unexplored area is the specific order in which individuals emerge. The goal of our research was to determine if big brown bats, Eptesicus fuscus, fitted with passive integrated transponder tags emerge from roosts in buildings each evening in a nonrandom order. We assessed relative and absolute order of emergence to determine if order is concordant across nights and whether individuals consistently emerge in close association with specific roost mates. We found significant concordance in rank order among nights at all roosts. At 5 roosts concordance decreased as time between dates increased. Association rates between individuals were low, and temporal analyses revealed that associations rapidly degraded over time, indicating that bats do not emerge each evening consistently with the same group of roost mates. We discuss how social structure, information transfer, and/or individual energetic needs could be responsible for the observed nonrandom patterns of emergence. Our results suggest that emergence order represents behavioral information that traditionally has been overlooked and that might be useful for characterizing aspects of the ecology and social behavior of bats and other species with cryptic behavior.

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A comparison of conventional capture versus PIT reader techniques for estimating survival and capture probabilities of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus)

Cited by 22 publications

References 19 publications

Variability in Seroprevalence of Rabies Virus Neutralizing Antibodies and Associated Factors in a Colorado Population of Big Brown Bats (Eptesicus fuscus)

Variability in Seroprevalence of Rabies Virus Neutralizing Antibodies and Associated Factors in a Colorado Population of Big Brown Bats (Eptesicus fuscus)

Host and viral ecology determine bat rabies seasonality and maintenance

Nonrandom patterns of roost emergence in big brown bats,Eptesicus fuscus

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