A comparison of conductive textile-based and silver/silver chloride gel electrodes in exercise electrocardiogram recordings

Marozas, Vaidotas; Petrėnas, Andrius; Daukantas, Saulius; Lukoševičius, Arūnas

doi:10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2010.12.004

Cited by 121 publications

(107 citation statements)

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“…To overcome this, it is often reported that the electrodes should be applied some time prior to the tests, for example in [5,115]. This is to take advantage of the sweat generation underneath the electrode surface since sweat includes Author Material Construction method Beckmann et al [9] SS/silver/copper knit/weave/coating Marozas et al [65] silver plated nylon thread embroidery Hoffmann et al [43] carbon nano tubes foam Negru et al [79] carbon black coated weave Noury et al…”

Section: Design Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smartware electrodes for ECG measurements : Design, evaluation and signal processing

Rattfält¹

2013

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Printed in Sweden by LiU-Tryck, Linköping During the course of the research underlying this thesis, Linda Rattfält was enrolled in Forum Scientium, a multidisciplinary doctoral programme at Linköping University, Sweden.i Håll koll på hjärtat med smarta EKG-elektroderBefolkningen i västvärlden blir allt äldre och i samband med detta ökar även andelen av åldersrelaterade sjukdomar. Dessa åkommor står redan för en stor del av hälso-och sjukvårdsresurserna och därför har man nationellt och internationellt efterfrågat alternativa strategier för att kunna tillgodose det kommande vårdbe-hovet på ett kostnadseffektivt sätt. En av strategierna är att med hjälp av använ-darvänlig mätutrustning hemifrån kunna följa upp tex hjärtåkommor så att de kan behandlas innan tillståndet eventuellt blir akut.Den här avhandlingen berör forskning som syftar till att skapa en tillförlitlig mät-metod av hur hjärtat arbetar, varhelst personen befinner sig, med hjälp av smarta elektroder. Speciellt berörs hur de smarta elektrodernas prestanda är i jämförelse med konventionella elektroder som används inom vården samt hur man kan använda signalbehandling för att förbättra mätkvaliteten.Hjärtats elektriska aktivitet kan mätas med ett så kallat elektrokardiogram, EKG, genom att fästa två eller fler elektroder på kroppen och koppla dessa till ett mät-system. Vanligtvis används elektroder med klisterlappar som placeras på exakta platser på kroppen. Den här typen av mätning är välspridd och anses viktig inom vården, men lämpar sig inte för hemmabruk eftersom elektrodförberedelser och placering inte kan säkerställas. Istället föreslår vi att man kan använda smarta elektroder, tex gjorda av textil eller i form av screentryck. Elektroderna skulle sedan kunna användas i mer användarvänliga sensorer, tex i linningar på kläder eller i form av en gjördel som man tar på sig vid mättillfället. De smarta elektrodernas egenskaper spelar stor roll då man mäter ett EKG. Om man använder fel material eller utförande, kan elektroden i sig skapa störningar som förstör mät-ningarna. Därför har vi testat hur de alternativa elektroderna fungerar jämfört mot vanliga elektroder som används idag. Våra tester visar att flera av de smarta elektroder vi testat är nästan lika stabila som vanliga elektroder. Dock medför de smarta elektroderna ofta ett större motstånd, så kallad impedans, för signalen att ta sig igenom till själva mätsystemet, något som är viktigt att tänka på när mätsystemet utformas.Förutom att göra användarvänliga sensorer av smarta elektroder, anser vi att man kan minska graden av störningar genom att man samlar in flera signaler samtidigt och väger samman dem till en förhoppningsvis mer tillförlitlig signal. Detta kan göras på många sätt och två sätt presenteras i avhandlingen. Det första sättet använder statistik för att urskilja olika delsignaler i den inspelade signalen. På det här sättet kan man få en delsignal som avspeglar hjärtats aktivitet och en annan som exempelvis innehåller brus. Vid en jämförelse mot två andra metoder fick vi att vår met...

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Section: Design Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smartware electrodes for ECG measurements : Design, evaluation and signal processing

Rattfält¹

2013

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“…Dry electrodes are supposed to be used for nonclinical wearable devices, but the contact impedance to the skin of dry electrodes is higher than that of paste electrodes. Hence, the impedance and the variation of the contact area during motion cause noise and artifacts [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evaluation of Hand-Force Prediction Using Artificial Neural-Network Regression Models of Surface EMG Signals for Handwear Devices

2017

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Hand-force prediction is an important technology for hand-oriented user interface systems. Specifically, surface electromyography (sEMG) is a promising technique for hand-force prediction, which requires a sensor with a small design space and low hardware costs. In this study, we applied several artificial neural-network (ANN) regression models with different numbers of neurons and hidden layers and evaluated handgrip forces by using a dynamometer. A handwear with dry electrodes on the dorsal interosseous muscles was used for our evaluation. Eleven healthy subjects participated in our experiments. sEMG signals with six different levels of forces from 0 N to 200 N and maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) are measured to train and test our ANN regression models. We evaluated three different methods (intrasession, intrasubject, and intersubject evaluation), and our experimental results show a high correlation (0.840, 0.770, and 0.789 each) between the predicted forces and observed forces, which are normalized by the MVC for each subject. Our results also reveal that ANNs with deeper layers of up to four hidden layers show fewer errors in intrasession and intrasubject evaluations.

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“…To eliminate the uncomfortable feeling of the electrodes and cables, other methods using dry electrodes have been proposed [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The electrodes and wires in such methods are made of conductive textile [1][2][3][5][6][7][8][9][10][12][13][14][15][16] or conductive ink [4,11], and are embedded in a shirt or belt. Such a shirt is called a smart shirt and the biological signals are measured for a person wearing the shirt [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The belt is wound around a subject's body and measures biological signals [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Smart shirts and belts measure various biological signals, including ECG signals [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], electromyogram (EMG) signals [1,2,7,11], and signals of the respiration rate [1,7,[14][15][16] and other body properties [1,6,7,11,12,14,15]. We consider an ECG measurement made using smart shirts and belts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different methods of the ECG measurement employ bipolar leads, unipolar leads, standard limb leads, and unipolar precordial leads. Almost all existing smart shirts and belts adopt unipolar leads to measure the ECG signal, with the use of three electrodes being the simplest method [2][3][4][5][6][7][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Unipolar leads allow the measurement of the signal of a simple ECG signal but cannot be used to measure the signal of a detailed ECG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Smart Shirt Made with Conductive Ink and Conductive Foam for the Measurement of Electrocardiogram Signals with Unipolar Precordial Leads

Tada

Amano

Satô

et al. 2015

Fibers

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Abstract:The Holter monitor is used to measure an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal while a subject moves. However, the Holter monitor is uncomfortable for the subject. Another method of measuring the ECG signal uses a smart shirt. We developed a smart shirt that has six electrodes on the chest and can measure a detailed ECG, obtained with unipolar precordial leads. The electrodes and wires of the shirt are made of conductive ink that is flexible and stretchable. The smart shirt is stretchable and fits the body well. However, because of the gap between the smart shirt and the body, electrodes V1 and V2 do not touch the body consistently. We developed a conductive foam block that fills this gap. We investigated the characteristics of the conductive foam block, and measured ECG signals using the smart shirt. The electrical resistance of the conductive foam block was reduced by pressure. This characteristic could be utilized to measure the ECG signal because the block was pressed by the body and smart shirt. We could measure the ECG signal using the smart shirt and blocks OPEN ACCESSFibers 2015, 3 464 while the subject walked and could detect peaks of the ECG signal while the subject jogged slowly.

show abstract

A comparison of conductive textile-based and silver/silver chloride gel electrodes in exercise electrocardiogram recordings

Cited by 121 publications

References 10 publications

Smartware electrodes for ECG measurements : Design, evaluation and signal processing

Smartware electrodes for ECG measurements : Design, evaluation and signal processing

An Evaluation of Hand-Force Prediction Using Artificial Neural-Network Regression Models of Surface EMG Signals for Handwear Devices

A Smart Shirt Made with Conductive Ink and Conductive Foam for the Measurement of Electrocardiogram Signals with Unipolar Precordial Leads

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