A comparison of commonly used hydrologic design methods for rainwater collectors

Schiller, Eric J.; Latham, Brian G.

doi:10.1080/07900628708722345

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…This study chose YAS since it provides a more conservative estimate for supply (Schiller, 1987). Cistern spillage, equivalent to the overflow volume that occurs when storage capacity is met, can be estimated with either the yield before spillage (YBS) or yield after spillage (YAS) algorithms.…”

Section: Storage and Water Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem services from rainwater harvesting in India

Stout

Walsh

Burian

2015

Urban Water Journal

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Availability of a safe and reliable water supply is an issue in developing nations, including India. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is a site-specific source control used to satisfy human, agricultural, and safety demands for water. This study analyzed the effects of capturing rainwater for a 12.5 year period (Jan 1999 -Jun 2011) to provide three ecosystem services: water supplementation for indoor use, water supplementation for food production and groundwater recharge (GWR). A hydrologic analysis was completed using satellite rainfall data and a water balance approach. Two demand scenarios, indoor and outdoor, were considered, with water in excess of demand and storage directed to recharge groundwater. An economic analysis quantified RWH system net present value. The results indicated significant ecosystem services benefits were possible from RWH in India. RWH for the purpose of providing irrigation to a small garden and allowing overflow to a drywell for GWR was concluded to be an approach to maximize benefits. This scenario provided the greatest net present value (21,764-38,851 INR), fastest payback period (0.30 -0.98 years), and recharge to groundwater of more than 40% of onsite rainfall. The benefit of the outdoor vegetable irrigation was determined and the results showed that the caloric demands of the typical Indian household (2.75 kg of tomatoes and 1.05 kg of lettuce) could be met with a 20 m 2 garden, and excess food could be sold to offset the capital cost of the system and later for economic gain.

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Section: Storage and Water Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem services from rainwater harvesting in India

Stout

Walsh

Burian

2015

Urban Water Journal

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“…Sequence of computational processes within a single computational time step using the supply-before-spillage (YBS) operational rule (modified from (Schiller and Latham, 1987 Figure 3. Sequence of computational processes within a single computational time step using the supply-after-spillage (YAS) operational rule (modified from (Schiller and Latham, 1987)) behaviour model with daily and monthly time steps for a 20-year simulation period for five locations within the Midlands and Wales in the UK. A constant daily demand pattern was used to represent residential toilet flushing, along with different combinations of roof area and rainwater tank storage capacity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Behaviour analysis is commonly used to assess the storage-yield-reliability relationship of a rainwater tank (Perrens, 1975;Jenkins and Pearson, 1978;Lo and Fok, 1981;Fewkes, 2000;Fewkes and Butler, 2000;Fewkes and Warm, 2000;Herrmann and Schmida, 2000;Liaw and Tsai, 2004), although other methods such as the Mass Curve analysis have also been used (Schiller and Latham, 1987). Behaviour analysis uses continuous simulation to track the inputs and outputs and change in storage volume according to a mass balance equation, including water inflow, evaporation, and seepage losses (McMahon and Adeloye, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a following paper, Fewkes (2000) investigated how spatial and temporal fluctuations in rainfall alter the rainwater tank yield estimates given by a behaviour model. He compared the estimates given by using a supply-after-spillage (modified from (Schiller and Latham, 1987)) behaviour model with daily and monthly time steps for a 20-year simulation period for five locations within the Midlands and Wales in the UK. A constant daily demand pattern was used to represent residential toilet flushing, along with different combinations of roof area and rainwater tank storage capacity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How important is the selection of computational analysis method to the accuracy of rainwater tank behaviour modelling?

Mitchell

2007

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:As the concept of sustainable urban water management is incorporated into the practice of urban water resource managers, actions, such as the utilization of roof runoff via rainwater tanks, which have multiple benefits, are increasingly being built into urban water systems. Modelling tools are frequently used to predict the yield from rainwater tanks and to estimate the storage capacity required to achieve a given potable supply reduction level, with these estimates used in both urban water resources policy development and engineering design. Therefore, it is important that the accuracy of commonly used models is understood. This paper investigates the impact of computational time step, computational operating rule, initial storage level, and the length of simulation period on the accuracy of the storage-yield-reliability relationship calculated using a simple rainwater tank behaviour model. Four time steps (ranging from 6 min to 24 h), two operational rules (supply before spillage and supply after spillage), two initial storage level states (empty and full), and three simulation periods (50 years, 10 years and 1 year) were applied to a wide range of rainwater tank system configurations and three different locations in Australia. It was found that the supply-after-spillage computational operating rule is preferable, while the ratio of the average demand volume in a single computational time step divided by the storage capacity (D/S) can be used to assess whether a given combination of demand, storage, inflow, and computational time step will provide long-term yield estimates that are within š5% of the values produced by a simulation that used a 50-year time series of climate, 6-min time step, and a supply-after-spillage operational rule (50-6-YAS).

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“…A number of methods were developed for simulating the performance of rainwater harvesting, including behavior model (Schiller and Latham, 1987;Fewkes, 2000), stochastic rainfall generation (Basinger et al, 2010) and probabilistic analysis (Su et al, 2009). In this study, the behavior model that allows long-term simulation of rainwater harvesting performance is selected, taking advantage of the availability of time-series data in the study area.…”

Section: Rainwater Harvesting Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance assessment of rainwater harvesting considering rainfall variations in Asian tropical monsoon climates

Vuong

Ichikawa

Ishidaira

2016

Hydrological Research Letters

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Abstract:Rainwater harvesting is increasingly recognized as an important source of water supply. However, the technique is practiced for very different purposes depending on region and rainfall conditions. In this study, the performance of rainwater harvesting was evaluated in accordance with local user practice to determine its suitability as a primary water supply. A water balance model using a long-term time series was applied to simulate system behavior under various scenarios of tank size and monsoon patterns in the Asian tropical monsoon region, investigated at 111 sites in Vietnam. The results of the study show that a limited range of 20-110 L/d can meet basic demand with 95% reliability. However, an additional water of 50-400 L/d is available for extra supply during rainy season. The diversity of monsoon patterns leads to considerable variation of additional available water (AAW) despite uniform amounts of annual precipitation. Tank size is recognized as playing a crucial role in improvement of supply capacity for basic demand while roof area and precipitation exerts a higher influence on AAW.

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A comparison of commonly used hydrologic design methods for rainwater collectors

Cited by 16 publications

References 1 publication

Ecosystem services from rainwater harvesting in India

Ecosystem services from rainwater harvesting in India

How important is the selection of computational analysis method to the accuracy of rainwater tank behaviour modelling?

Performance assessment of rainwater harvesting considering rainfall variations in Asian tropical monsoon climates

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