A comparison of Colombian Pacific mangrove extent estimations: Implications for the conservation of a unique Neotropical tidal forest

Mejía-Rentería, Juan Carlos; Castellanos‐Galindo, Gustavo A.; Kintz, Jaime Ricardo Cantera; Hamilton, Stuart E.

doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2018.07.020

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…These use methods that are optimized to a specific study site, sometimes using local ancillary datasets, that may not be applicable to continental nor global scales. Attempts to make global scale assessments of mangrove extent have consolidated numerous national or regional scale inventories with varying degrees of precision and accuracy [24,33,34] due to differences in the time-period and methods used for adjacent maps [35][36][37]. Data from remote sensing satellites offers the potential for mapping mangrove extent over large areas using standardized approaches with a quantifiable assessment of accuracy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Mangrove Extent and Change: A Globally Applicable Approach

et al. 2018

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This study demonstrates a globally applicable method for monitoring mangrove forest extent at high spatial resolution. A 2010 mangrove baseline was classified for 16 study areas using a combination of ALOS PALSAR and Landsat composite imagery within a random forests classifier. A novel map-to-image change method was used to detect annual and decadal changes in extent using ALOS PALSAR/JERS-1 imagery. The map-to-image method presented makes fewer assumptions of the data than existing methods, is less sensitive to variation between scenes due to environmental factors (e.g., tide or soil moisture) and is able to automatically identify a change threshold. Change maps were derived from the 2010 baseline to 1996 using JERS-1 SAR and to 2007, 2008 and 2009 using ALOS PALSAR. This study demonstrated results for 16 known hotspots of mangrove change distributed globally, with a total mangrove area of 2,529,760 ha. The method was demonstrated to have accuracies consistently in excess of 90% (overall accuracy: 92.2–93.3%, kappa: 0.86) for mapping baseline extent. The accuracies of the change maps were more variable and were dependent upon the time period between images and number of change features. Total change from 1996 to 2010 was 204,850 ha (127,990 ha gain, 76,860 ha loss), with the highest gains observed in French Guiana (15,570 ha) and the highest losses observed in East Kalimantan, Indonesia (23,003 ha). Changes in mangrove extent were the consequence of both natural and anthropogenic drivers, yielding net increases or decreases in extent dependent upon the study site. These updated maps are of importance to the mangrove research community, particularly as the continual updating of the baseline with currently available and anticipated spaceborne sensors. It is recommended that mangrove baselines are updated on at least a 5-year interval to suit the requirements of policy makers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Mangrove Extent and Change: A Globally Applicable Approach

et al. 2018

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“…The differences in mangrove configuration related to the degree of human domination in the coastalscapes and could represent differences in the rates and drivers of deforestation in peripheral areas (as in Etter et al, 2006). A greater mangrove area reflects the wild condition of the Pacific coastalscapes and their low deforestation rates (Hamilton and Friess, 2018;López-Angarita et al, 2018;Mejía-Rentería et al, 2018;Simard et al, 2019). Therefore, this study suggests that urbanization translates into a patchy configuration of the remaining mangrove areas.…”

Section: Mangroves As Fragmented Habitats In the Anthropocenementioning

confidence: 75%

“…Northern South America, with coasts on both the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, provides a unique opportunity to study the effect of human activities on the coastalscape structure and dynamics, and consequently on mangrove habitats. The Pacific coast of Colombia stands almost continuously covered with extensive mangroves (194,880 ha) and non-tidal wetlands, while the Caribbean coast (with almost 90,170 ha of mangroves) has witnessed a dramatic clearing and transformation of mangroves and coastal dry forests at expense of high-density settlements and extensive agricultural and pastoral areas since 1800s (Etter et al, 2008;Blanco et al, 2012;López-Angarita et al, 2016;Mejía-Rentería et al, 2018;Urrego et al, 2018; official mangrove extent data for 2011 in Blanco-Libreros and Álvarez-León, 2019). Global mapping efforts have pointed to the importance of the extensive wilderness areas along the Pacific coast as blue carbon hotspots, while selected extensive deltas along the Caribbean seemly remain as important areas for wildlife conservation and ecosystem services (Aldana-Domínguez et al, 2017;Hamilton and Friess, 2018;Simard et al, 2019;Sandoval-Londoño et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Threatened Mangroves in the Anthropocene: Habitat Fragmentation in Urban Coastalscapes of Pelliciera spp. (Tetrameristaceae) in Northern South America

Blanco-Libreros

Ramírez-Ruiz

2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Mangroves are fragmented habitats thriving in human-dominated coastalscapes worldwide. They provide refuge to threatened plant species, such as the Neotropical Piñuelo Mangrove (formerly the monotypic Pelliciera genus, recently split into two species: P. rhizophorae and P. benthamii). However, little is known about the relationship between urbanization and the spatial configuration of mangrove habitat and how it would drive ecological and evolutionary changes in the small populations of Pelliciera spp. We used open data (e.g., land cover, mangrove cover) for 107 locations of Pelliciera spp. in Colombia (extant populations) to assess coastalscape structure and urbanization. We described coastalscape composition dynamics (for 2000 and 2010) and mangrove habitat configuration along a human-domination gradient, using landscape metrics. We computed an urban index to compare urbanization intensity among the study areas along the Caribbean coast and compared coastalscape structure and mangrove spatial metrics between basins (Caribbean and Pacific). The proportion of artificial surfaces was greater in the Caribbean than in the Pacific, but no temporal difference was found. The Caribbean basin exhibited a greater Urban Index, particularly in Cartagena and Urabá. Mangrove fragmentation was also greater in the Caribbean and it was influenced by the degree of urbanization. Mangrove area and core area were smaller in the Caribbean than in the Pacific, while cohesion was significantly lower in Cartagena than in other urban areas of the Caribbean. We propose a conceptual eco-evolutionary framework for linking mangrove patch reduction and isolation to demographic variables of Pelliciera spp. Edge effects are expected to affect birth and mortality rates in small patches. Small patches and small effective populations are expected to be more sensitive to novel biotic interactions, extreme weather, and gradual climate change. Isolation will also influence both emigration and immigration rates of propagules. We propose: (1) Assessing the conservation status of the two species, (2) setting monitoring programs of their populations of Pelliciera spp. and their surrounding coastalscapes (particularly in the Caribbean, (3) declaring protected areas, in wild and urban settings, to reduce mangrove fragmentation and urbanization.

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“…1,500 km in the tropical eastern Pacific biogeographic region that extends from the Gulf of California, Mexico to northern Peru. Almost 2/3 of this coastal region is dominated by mangroves, with ∼80% of the total mangrove area of Colombia (Mejía-Rentería et al, 2018). The whole coast presents annual precipitations of > 2,000 mm, reaching in some areas 8,000 mm yr −1 .…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Characteristics of the Tallest Mangrove Forests of the American Continent: A Comparison of Ground-Based, Drone and Radar Measurements

Castellanos‐Galindo

Casella

Tavera

et al. 2021

Front. For. Glob. Change

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The Panama Bight eco-region along the Pacific coast of central and South America is considered to have one of the best-preserved mangrove ecosystems in the American continent. The regional climate, with rainfall easily reaching 5–8 m every year and weak wind conditions, contribute to the exceptionally tall mangroves along the southern Colombian and northern Ecuadorian Pacific coasts (Nariño Department and Esmeraldas Province areas). Here we evaluate the use of different methods (ground-based measurements, drone imagery and radar data [Shuttle Radar Topography mission-SRTM and TanDEM-X]) to characterize the structure of the tallest of these forests. In November 2019, three mangrove sites with canopy heights between 50 and 60 m, previously identified with SRTM data, were sampled close to the town of Guapi, Colombia. In addition to in situ field measurements of trees, we conducted airborne drone surveys in order to generate georeferenced orthomosaics and digital surface models (DSMs). We found that the extensive mangrove forests in this area of the Colombian Pacific are almost entirely composed of Rhizophora spp. trees. The tallest mangrove tree measured in the three plots was 57 m. With ca. 900 drone photographs, three orthomosaics (2 cm pixel–1 resolution) and digital surface models (3.5 cm pixel–1) with average area of 4,0 ha were generated. The field-measured canopy heights were used to validate the drone-derived and radar-derived data, confirming these mangrove forests as the tallest in the Americas. The drone-derived orthomosaics showed significant patches of the Golden Leather Fern, Acrostichum aureum, an opportunistic species that can be associated to mangrove degradation, indicating that the mangrove forests investigated here may be threatened from increased selective logging requiring improvements and effective implementation of the current mangrove management plans in Colombia. The techniques used here are highly complementary and may represent the three tiers for carbon reporting, whereby the drone-derived canopy height maps, calibrated with local in situ measurements, provides cheap but reliable Tier 3 estimates of carbon stocks at the project level.

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A comparison of Colombian Pacific mangrove extent estimations: Implications for the conservation of a unique Neotropical tidal forest

Cited by 28 publications

References 30 publications

Mapping Mangrove Extent and Change: A Globally Applicable Approach

Mapping Mangrove Extent and Change: A Globally Applicable Approach

Threatened Mangroves in the Anthropocene: Habitat Fragmentation in Urban Coastalscapes of Pelliciera spp. (Tetrameristaceae) in Northern South America

Structural Characteristics of the Tallest Mangrove Forests of the American Continent: A Comparison of Ground-Based, Drone and Radar Measurements

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