A comparison of cognitive biases between schizophrenia patients with delusions and healthy individuals with delusion-like experiences

Gawęda, Łukasz; Starowicz-Filip, Anna

doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.08.003

Cited by 31 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…Surprisingly, we did not nd a correlation between DTD and delusional conviction in the patient sample. This is not in line with past research, as several studies that used the beads task suggest that a low DTD score is related especially to more pronounced delusional conviction in patients with psychotic disorders [20,21] and delusion-prone individuals [20][21][22]. Nevertheless, our results are in line with the two recent meta-analyses that did not nd signi cant associations between DTD and delusion severity in currently deluded patients with psychotic disorders and delusion-prone individuals [8,9], also their results are largely or solely based on studies with the beads task.…”

Section: Lack Of Associations With Psychopathologycontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…the conviction a person presents regarding a delusion. Indeed, several studies suggest that the JTC-bias is related especially to a more pronounced delusional conviction [20][21][22]. However, given the small number of studies examining the association between the JTC-bias and delusional conviction, those ndings should be regarded as preliminary and need further investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, in the trial proposal submitted in 2006, the PANSS P1 item was de ned as an outcome variable for measuring the delusional symptoms. Due to the recent ndings of Wallwork and colleagues [30] on the factor structure of the PANSS interview and later research on the relationship between JTC and delusional beliefs [20][21][22], we have made adjustments to the outcome variables (see methods section) in order to obtain a more precise picture of the possible relationship between JTC and psychopathology. Hypothesis 1 was not pre-speci ed in the trial proposal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Problems in measuring the JTC-bias in patients with psychotic disorders with the fish task: A secondary analysis of a baseline assessment of a randomized controlled trial

Pytlik

Soll

Hesse

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The jumping to conclusions bias (JTC) is considered to be an important causal factor in theoretical models on the formation and maintenance of delusions. However, recent meta-analytic findings show a rather equivocal pattern of results regarding associations between JTC and delusions. Thus, the aim of the present preregistered study is to investigate in a large sample whether the JTC-bias is more pronounced in patients with psychotic disorders in comparison to controls and whether the JTC bias is associated with more severe delusional conviction, persecutory delusions and positive symptoms in general. Methods: Patients with psychotic disorders (n = 300) enrolled in a therapy trial and healthy controls (n = 51) conducted a variant of the beads task (fish task) as a measure for the JTC-bias at start of the trial. Further, clinical interviews were used to assess patients' delusional severity and delusional conviction. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between patients with psychotic disorders (with 53% displaying the JTC-bias) and controls (41%). Furthermore, there were no statistically significant correlations between JTC measures and persecutory delusions, delusional conviction and positive symptoms. Conclusions: We found no evidence for hasty decisions in patients with psychotic disorders, which is in part in line with meta-analytic findings using a wide range of JTC task variants. However, the task variant we used in the present study (fish task) is discussed as potential reason for the non-significance of our results, as it may induce a more deliberative reasoning style as compared to the traditional beads task. Furthermore, possible implications for the measurement of the JTC-bias in general are discussed. Trial Registration: ISRCTN29242879 (isrctn.com), date of registration: April 12th 2006

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Section: Lack Of Associations With Psychopathologycontrasting

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Problems in measuring the JTC-bias in patients with psychotic disorders with the fish task: A secondary analysis of a baseline assessment of a randomized controlled trial

Pytlik

Soll

Hesse

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Along a severity gradient, a gradual transition can be traced from delusion-like experiences (DLEs) (e.g. subthreshold delusional beliefs such as mild self-reference experiences and non-clinical paranoid ideation) [9,10] at the one end, to a full-blown DD posited at the opposite end. As claimed by van Os and colleagues, altogether these data suggest that "the search for the determinants of the psychosis phenotype should be conducted along broad dimensional lines, in addition to the more narrow focus on the clinical definition".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, the role of emotions in the development of DD is lacking, even though delusions appear to have a strong emotional component [20]; for instance, a vicious circle between cognitive biases and emotional disturbances may be involved in delusional patients [9]. Particularly, worry processing and rumination are associated with DLEs in healthy individuals [21] and increase anomalous experiences in delusional patients [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delusional disorder: The role of personality and emotions on delusional ideation

Tonna

Paglia

Ottoni

et al. 2018

Comprehensive Psychiatry

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The relationship between personality and Delusional Disorder in still debated. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of personality features and emotional dispositions on the proneness to delusional beliefs, through the lens of a dimensional approach. 91 outpatients were administered the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders, the Pathological Narcissism Inventory, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and the Peters et al. Delusions Inventory. Delusion proneness was positively related to the "Hiding the Self" domain of narcissistic vulnerability and to paranoid traits and negatively related to "Positive Affect". Paranoid traits and "Hiding the Self" significantly interacted in influencing delusion ideation. These data suggest that proneness to delusion depends, at least in part, on a complex interplay between specific emotional and paranoid dispositions within personality.

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Males and females with first episode psychosis present distinct profiles of social cognition and metacognition

Ferrer-Quintero

Fernández

Lorente-Rovira

et al. 2022

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Deficits in social cognition and metacognition impact the course of psychosis. Sex differences in social cognition and metacognition could explain heterogeneity in psychosis. 174 (58 females) patients with first-episode psychosis completed a clinical, neuropsychological, social cognitive, and metacognitive assessment. Subsequent latent profile analysis split by sex yielded two clusters common to both sexes (a Homogeneous group, 53% and 79.3%, and an Indecisive group, 18.3% and 8.6% of males and females, respectively), a specific male profile characterized by presenting jumping to conclusions (28.7%) and a specific female profile characterized by cognitive biases (12.1%). Males and females in the homogeneous profile seem to have a more benign course of illness. Males with jumping to conclusions had more clinical symptoms and more neuropsychological deficits. Females with cognitive biases were younger and had lower self-esteem. These results suggest that males and females may benefit from specific targeted treatment and highlights the need to consider sex when planning interventions.

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A comparison of cognitive biases between schizophrenia patients with delusions and healthy individuals with delusion-like experiences

Abstract: Both "Beckian" and psychosis-related cognitive biases may underlie delusions. Different aspects of clinical delusions and delusion-like experiences may be related to different cognitive biases.

Cited by 31 publications

References 62 publications

Problems in measuring the JTC-bias in patients with psychotic disorders with the fish task: A secondary analysis of a baseline assessment of a randomized controlled trial

Problems in measuring the JTC-bias in patients with psychotic disorders with the fish task: A secondary analysis of a baseline assessment of a randomized controlled trial

Delusional disorder: The role of personality and emotions on delusional ideation

Males and females with first episode psychosis present distinct profiles of social cognition and metacognition

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