A Comparison of Clinicopathological Differences in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Patients Below and Above 40 Years of Age

Abstract

Introduction: Recent times have revealed an increase in incidence of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) in young adults including those who lack association with typical risk factors such as tobacco. There are reported variations in clinical behaviour of tumours in young and older individuals.Aim: Present study evaluated differences in clinicopathological characteristics between two groups of OSCC, below and above 40 years of age. Materials and Methods:An analytical study was performed on two groups of OSCC patients, below and above 40 years of age. Clinicopathological parameters of site distribution, type of habit, histological grade, nodal metastasis, margin status, mitotic index and Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizing Regions (AgNOR) count were compared. Chi-square test and Students t-test were applied for statistical analysis.results: Present study revealed that mean AgNOR count was significantly higher in older group (6.38) than younger group (4.27). However, no significant differences were noted in site distribution, tobacco habit, histological grade, mitotic index, nodal metastasis and status of resected surgical margins between the two age groups. A trend for increased metastasis and poor histological differentiation was also observed in the older and younger age group respectively. Most common site was buccal mucosa followed by tongue in both groups.conclusion: Reasons for documented variability in tumour characteristics between young and older patients are currently unclear. Difference in AgNOR count found in present study is suggestive of variability in proliferative and ploidy characteristics between different age groups and supports the hypothesis of genetic and epigenetic influences in development of oral cancer.

FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma in young and older patients

“…2,4,6,7,8,9 Some studies have described a more aggressive clinical course of OSCC in younger individuals, whereas others have not found significant age-related differences in the biological behavior of these neoplasms. 2,6,10,11 Interactions between neoplastic cells and immune cells can modulate tumor growth. 12 Through molecules such as the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), neoplastic cells can recruit different cell types that are capable of suppressing the immune response in the tumor microenvironment, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) with M2 profile and T regulatory (Treg) cells.…”

Age related changes in clinicopathologic features of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in Iranian patients: An epidemiologic study

“…In people younger than 40 years of age, an incidence of 1 to 6% has been reported (7). Kapila et al in a uni-central investigation showed that the incidence of OSCC has increased from 7.7% in the period from 1990 to 2000 to 11.7% in the period from 2001 to 2013 (6). This finding suggests the changing trend of OSCC in recent years.…”

“…The subjects were classified in two groups. Group 1: cases younger than 40 years and group 2: cases older than 40 years (6). Distribution of demographic and histopathologic features were obtained based on the patient's age.…”

“…Regard to changing parameters of life style, the impact of traditional etiologic factors in OSCC prevalence has changed. Based on reports, age affects the clinicpathologic parameters of OSCC (6).Our knowledge about the effect of age on the clinic-pathologic status of patients in Iran is very scant and controversial. The aim of study was to compare the clinic-pathologic features of oral squamous cell carcinoma between patients younger and older than 40 years' in Iran.…”

Immunohistochemistry analysis of checkpoint kinase 2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma

“…According to Montero and Patel [20], OSCC affects more men than women usually over 50 years of age, as in our study. However, more recent studies have shown the involvement of OSCC in younger patients, but this finding may be due to the early discovery of tumors and thus, may be defined as a change in the incidence of OSCC in patients less than 40 years old [24]. According to Adeel and colleagues [25], the incidence of OSCC in young people is considered low, in a total of 4 to 6% of cases, which was similar to our results, wherein only 2.97% of patients were under 40 years of age.…”