A Comparison of Clinical and Radiological Findings in Adults and Children With Japanese Encephalitis

Kalita, Jayantee; Misra, Usha Kant; Pandey, Sanjay; Dhole, Tapan N.

doi:10.1001/archneur.60.12.1760

Cited by 111 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…10 Other imaging studies from India have not reported a high association of JE with NCC. 2,18 Our study found a significantly high prevalence of NCC in patients with JE (19.3%) in comparison with its prevalence in control subjects (1.04%). This high prevalence of NCC in JE is similar to the autopsy findings of some of the studies from India and China and is probably more than a chance coincidence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Coinfection of Japanese Encephalitis with Neurocysticercosis: An Imaging Study

Handique¹,

Das²,

Saharia³

et al. 2007

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Coinfection of Japanese Encephalitis with Neurocysticercosis: An Imaging Study

Handique¹,

Das²,

Saharia³

et al. 2007

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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“…47 A recently published study found that cranial CT was abnormal in around 38%, whereas MRI revealed pathological changes in 90.6 -95.5%. 48 Thalamic abnormalities on T2WI were found in 87.5% both in children and adults, in 40.6 -54.2% in the basal ganglia, in 28.1-45.8% in the midbrain and in 21.9 -25% in cortical areas.…”

Section: Viral Meningoencephalitismentioning

confidence: 98%

Neuroimaging of infections

2005

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Summary:Neuroimaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and therapeutic decision making in infectious diseases of the nervous system. The review summarizes imaging findings and recent advances in the diagnosis of pyogenic brain abscess, ventriculitis, viral disease including exotic and emergent viruses, and opportunistic disease. For each condition, the ensuing therapeutic steps are presented. In cases of uncomplicated meningitis, cranial computed tomography (CT) appears to be sufficient for clinical management to exclude acute brain edema, hydrocephalus, and pathology of the base of skull. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is superior in depicting complications like sub-/epidural empyema and vasculitic complications notably on FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery)-weighted images. The newer technique of diffusionweighted imaging (DWI) shows early parenchymal complications of meningitis earlier and with more clarity and is of help in differentiation of pyogenic abscess (PA) from ring enhancing lesions of other etiology. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (PMRS) seems to produce specific peak patterns in cases of abscess. The presence of lactate cytosolic amino acids and absence of choline seems to indicate PA. Also in cases of suspected opportunistic infection due to toxoplasma DWI may be of help in the differentiation from lymphoma, showing no restriction of water diffusion. In patients with herpes simplex and more exotic viruses like West Nile and Murray Valley virus DWI allows earlier lesion detection and therapeutic intervention with virustatic drugs.

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“…43,44 Other neurotropic flaviviruses cause St Louis encephalitis, West Nile virus, and Murray Valley encephalitis. As with other viruses in this family, many subclinical infections occur.…”

Section: Viruses: Encephalitis and Hemorrhagic Feversmentioning

confidence: 99%

Armies of Pestilence: CNS Infections as Potential Weapons of Mass Destruction

Hart

Ketai

2014

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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SUMMARY:Infectious agents have been investigated, developed, and used by both governments and terrorist groups as weapons of mass destruction. CNS infections, though traditionally considered less often than respiratory diseases in this scenario, may be very important. Viruses responsible for encephalitides can be highly infectious in aerosol form. CNS involvement in anthrax is ominous but should change treatment. Brucellosis, plague, Q fever, and other bacteria can uncommonly manifest with meningoencephalitis and other findings. Emerging diseases may also pose threats. We review infectious agents of particular concern for purposes of biowarfare with respect to CNS manifestations and imaging features. God omnipotent is mustering in his clouds on our behalf armies of pestilence.Richard II, Act 3, Scene 3 S hakespeare had Richard II threaten his enemies with "armies of pestilence" from the clouds-a prospect that seems more plausible in our time when incidents involving anthrax, smallpox, and hemorrhagic fevers continue to make headlines. Many infectious agents have been developed during the past century for potential military use. By their nature, these are unconventional weapons more effective against unprotected, civilian targets than against soldiers; this attribute may make them attractive to terrorists. Among those organisms, some target the central nervous system. For others more commonly considered pulmonary or systemic agents, significant CNS effects may still result. Below, we review the historical background, some of the organisms considered at high risk for potential biowarfare or bioterrorism with a focus on neurologic implications, and potential future threats.

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A Comparison of Clinical and Radiological Findings in Adults and Children With Japanese Encephalitis

Abstract: Children with JE are more likely to have dystonia and a poor outcome at 6 months compared with adults. The difference in clinical findings and outcome in children and adults with JE may be owing to immunological factors, maturation of the central nervous system, and neuronal plasticity.

Cited by 111 publications

References 12 publications

Coinfection of Japanese Encephalitis with Neurocysticercosis: An Imaging Study

Coinfection of Japanese Encephalitis with Neurocysticercosis: An Imaging Study

Neuroimaging of infections

Armies of Pestilence: CNS Infections as Potential Weapons of Mass Destruction

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