A Comparison of Buffered Tricaine Methanesulfonate (MS-222) and Isoeugenol Anesthesia for Caudal Fin Clipping in Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>)

Musk, Gabrielle C.; Ezzy, Ben J; Kenchington, Lisa M; Hopper, Wendy A; Callahan, Lauren

doi:10.30802/aalas-jaalas-20-000027

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…While a survival rate of < 30% was seen after 150 ppm Aqui-S exposure for 15 min [ 43 ], there is, to our knowledge, no studies describing overdose induction efficacy for isoeugenol or Aqui-S in zebrafish. Still, times to reach stage V anaesthesia that have been reported are comparable to the current results, though somewhat slower, again probably due to lower doses [ 45 ]. Although 2-PE is used in laboratories for zebrafish anaesthesia and euthanasia [ 7 , 46 ], there are, to our knowledge, no published scientific studies assessing its overdose induction efficacy specifically for adult zebrafish.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Screening of Anaesthetics in Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio) for the Induction of Euthanasia by Overdose

Krogh¹,

Higgins

Torres

et al. 2021

Biology

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Zebrafish are often euthanized by overdose of anaesthesia. However, fish may have aversion towards some anaesthetics, and protocol efficacy varies between species. Using wild type adult Danio rerio, we assessed time to loss of opercular beat, righting, and startle reflexes during induction of anaesthetic overdose by either tricaine (0.5 g/L or 1 g/L), benzocaine (1 g/L), 2-phenoxyethanol (3 mL/L), clove oil (0.1%), isoeugenol (540 mg/L), lidocaine hydrochloride (1 g/L), or etomidate (50 mg/L). Initial screening demonstrated that benzocaine and buffered lidocaine hydrochloride achieved the fastest loss of reflexes. The rapid induction times were confirmed when retesting using larger batches of fish. The fastest induction was obtained with 1 g/L lidocaine hydrochloride buffered with 2 g/L NaHCO3, in which all adult zebrafish lost reflexes in less than 2 min. Next, we monitored signs of distress during benzocaine or buffered lidocaine hydrochloride overdose induction. The results indicated that buffered lidocaine hydrochloride caused significantly less aversive behaviors than benzocaine. Finally, we tested several buffers to refine the lidocaine hydrochloride immersion. The most efficient buffer for euthanasia induction using 1g/L lidocaine hydrochloride was 2 g/L NaHCO3 with 50 mL/L 96% ethanol, inducing immobility in less than 10 s and with only 2% of adult zebrafish displaying aversive behaviors during treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Screening of Anaesthetics in Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio) for the Induction of Euthanasia by Overdose

Krogh¹,

Higgins

Torres

et al. 2021

Biology

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“…On assessing all the groups studied, it was proved that eugenol presented a shorter euthanasia time, following by buffered MS-222, which agrees with other studies comparing eugenol with other anaesthetics commonly used in fish. 22,37,38 In the case of MS-222, in all the concentrations studied, the fish were euthanised in a shorter time with the buffered MS-222 solution than those with non-buffered MS-222. As for buffering MS-222 with bicarbonate, studies are conflicting regarding the euthanasia time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) and eugenol as euthanasia agents in zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an experimental model

et al. 2023

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In experimental procedures inevitably leading to the sacrifice of animals, suitable measures should be taken to minimise their pain and suffering as much as possible, as well as to prevent any modification or masking in the experimental results obtained. An overdose of anaesthetic is the method of euthanasia most employed in fish, since it is effective and easy to apply. Our objectives were to compare the efficacy of eugenol and of tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) as euthanasia agents in zebrafish, and to make a histological evaluation of the possible effects derived from their application. The concentrations established for eugenol were 0.25 and 0.35 mg/mL, and those for MS-222 were 0.25 and 0.50 mg/mL, for both the buffered solution and the non-buffered one. Eugenol turned out to be a stronger euthanasia agent than MS-222 in zebrafish, presenting with significantly shorter euthanasia times. However, the exposure of the fish to euthanasia doses of eugenol triggered branchial alterations, in addition to serious lesions and changes in their nerve tissue. The results obtained with MS-222 also revealed a marked branchial alteration derived from its use. In this respect, the addition of a buffer to the MS-222 solution enhanced the effectiveness of the drug, with significantly shorter euthanasia times being achieved than with the non-buffered solution, and diminished the severity of the lesions described. We therefore determined that the buffered MS-222 solution is the most effective, reliable and safest method of euthanasia for use in research on zebrafish.

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“…After the experiment, all fish were mercifully killed with ice cold [51] . Each fish's eye was dissected under a stereo zoom microscope (Model CZM6, Labomad Inc., USA).…”

Section: Collection Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of the oxidative stress caused by 4-nonylphenol in the eyes of adult male zebrafish

Desai,

Trangadia,

Patel

et al. 2024

Int. J. Adv. Biochem. Res.

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4-nonylphenol (4-NP) is a phenolic chemical that disrupts the endocrine system and is used in a range of industrial goods. It poses a health hazard to both humans and aquatic animals. A total of 216 adult male zebrafish (Danio rerio) were used in the research to examine the harmful effects of 4-NP on the eyes of zebrafish. The fish were exposed to 4-NP on a daily basis for a duration of 21 days. The zebrafish were placed into four groups for the experiment: control group (C1), vehicle group (C2), treatment 1 group (T1), and treatment 2 group (T2). Each group consisted of 54 zebrafish. The C1 group was exposed to reverse osmosis water, while the C2 group was exposed to water containing 100% ethanol as a vehicle at a concentration of 10 μl/L. The T1 and T2 groups were exposed to water containing 4-NP at concentrations of 100 μg/L and 200 μg/L, respectively. The T1 and T2 groups exhibited a notable reduction in the activity of SOD and the level of GSH in the eye, compared to the C1 group. However, the T2 group showed a large rise in MDA level compared to the C1 group. The CAT activity in the T1 and T2 groups is significantly reduced in the eye compared to the C1 group.

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A Comparison of Buffered Tricaine Methanesulfonate (MS-222) and Isoeugenol Anesthesia for Caudal Fin Clipping in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Screening of Anaesthetics in Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio) for the Induction of Euthanasia by Overdose

Screening of Anaesthetics in Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio) for the Induction of Euthanasia by Overdose

Comparative study of tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) and eugenol as euthanasia agents in zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an experimental model

An assessment of the oxidative stress caused by 4-nonylphenol in the eyes of adult male zebrafish

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