A comparison of auditory evoked potentials to acoustic beats and to binaural beats

Pratt, Hillel; Starr, Arnold; Michalewski, Henry J.; Dimitrijevic, Andrew; Bleich, Naomi; Mittelman, Nomi

doi:10.1016/j.heares.2010.01.013

Cited by 77 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…This lack of any clear change in either the alpha or beta EEG frequencies following exposure to binaural beats is consistent with those reporting similar null effects following exposure to theta (Wahbeh et al, 2007) and alpha (Goodin, et al, 2012) binaural beats. However, this is in contrast to others who have reported changes in the EEG following exposure to delta/theta (Brady & Stevens, 2000;Karino et al, 2004;Karino et al, 2006;Pratt et al, 2010) and gamma (Grose & Mamo, 2011;Schwarz & Taylor, 2005) frequency ranges.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

“…Furthermore, there are suggestions that carrier tones of a frequency ranging from 200 -900Hz may be more effective at eliciting binaural beats than carrier tones that exceed 1 KHz (Pratt et al, 2010;Wahbeh, Calabrese, Zwicky & Zajdel, 2007). Nevertheless, it has recently been suggested that the perceptual strength of a binaural beat signal remains relatively weak (Grose, Buss & Hall, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These inconsistencies may stem from differences in methodology, in particular the nature and frequency of the carrier tones used to present the binaural beats as well as the duration of exposure. Nevertheless, there is an emerging consensus that exposure to binaural beats may lead to changes in brain activity in the temporal regions of the brain (Karino et al, 2004;Karino et al, 2006;Pratt et al, 2010). For instance, Karino et al (2006) reported dominant activation of both left and right temporal areas, which contain the auditory cortex, following exposure to binaural beats in the theta range (4Hz and 6.6Hz).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, Karino et al (2006) reported dominant activation of both left and right temporal areas, which contain the auditory cortex, following exposure to binaural beats in the theta range (4Hz and 6.6Hz). More recently Pratt et al (2010) noted that the source of the oscillations elicited by exposure to binaural delta (3Hz) and theta (6Hz) beats were predominantly located to the left temporal region. Such findings are consistent with early suggestions that the temporal lobe is electrically more labile than other regions of the cortex (Bear, 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This includes changes in delta (Kennerly, 2004;Pratt et al, 2010), theta (Brady & Stevens, 2000;Karino et al, 2004;Karino et al, 2006;Pratt et al, 2010) and gamma (Schwarz & Taylor, 2005). However, no changes have yet been reported in the key EEG frequencies of alpha and beta.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tracking EEG changes in response to alpha and beta binaural beats

Вернон

Peryer

Louch

et al. 2014

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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A binaural beat can be produced by presenting two tones of differing frequency, one to each ear. Such auditory stimulation has been suggested to influence behaviour and cognition via the process of cortical entrainment. However, research so far has only shown frequency following responses in the traditional EEG frequency ranges of delta, theta and gamma.Hence a primary aim of this research was to ascertain whether it would be possible to produce clear changes in the EEG in either the alpha or beta frequency ranges. Such changes, if possible, would have a number of important implications as well as potential applications.A secondary goal was to track any observable changes in EEG throughout the entrainment epoch to gain some insight into the nature of the entrainment effects any changes in an effort to identify more effective entrainment regimes. Twenty two healthy participants were recruited and randomly allocated to one of two groups, each of which was exposed to a distinct binaural beat frequency for ten 1-minute epochs. The first group listened to an alpha binaural beat of 10Hz and the second to a beta binaural beat of 20Hz. EEG was recorded from the left and right temporal regions during pre-exposure baselines, stimulus exposure epochs and post-exposure baselines. Analysis of changes in broad-band and narrow-band amplitude, and frequency showed no effect of either binaural beat frequency eliciting a frequency following effect in the EEG. Possible mediating factors are discussed and a number of recommendations are made regarding future studies, exploring entrainment effects from binaural beat presentation.3

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tracking EEG changes in response to alpha and beta binaural beats

Вернон

Peryer

Louch

et al. 2014

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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Reduced pain and analgesic use after acoustic binaural beats therapy in chronic pain ‐ A double‐blind randomized control cross‐over trial

Gkolias

Amaniti

Triantafyllou

et al. 2020

European Journal of Pain

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Background Binaural Beats (BB) consist of two artificial acoustic stimuli with different frequency, presented simultaneously but independently to each ear. The human brain perceives and synchronizes to this frequency difference (entrainment). Aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that brain entrainment to a lower function rhythm, with BB application, can decrease pain perception and analgesic medication use, in chronic pain patients. Methods In a double blind, randomized, cross‐over trial, BB at 5Hz (theta rhythm) were applied for 30 minutes, under simultaneous electroencephalogram recordings, followed by liberal, on demand use by chronic pain patients for a week, compared to sham stimulation (SS). Pain as the main outcome (numeric scale, NRS), stress (STAI) and medication usage (defined daily doses, DDD) were assessed at baseline, 30 minutes and week's end. Results Perceived pain (NRS) was significantly reduced in BB intervention (5.6±2.3 to 3.4±2.6, p<0.001), compared to SS (5.2±2.1 to 4.8±2.3, p=0.78), during the first 30‐minute phase, as well as at the week's end (to 3.9±2.5 compared to 5.5±2.6 respectively, p<0.001). The mean EEG theta power at 5Hz was significantly increased only during BB application. Stress was significantly reduced at 30 minutes in both interventions but remained reduced only in the BB group at the week's end. Analgesic medication consumption (DDD, g) during the week was significantly less in the BB intervention (3.9±3.7 vs. 4.6±4.1, p<0.05), while reporting equal to SS mean levels of pain. Conclusions Acoustic BB reduced pain intensity, stress and analgesic use, compared to SS, in chronic pain patients. Significance This study provides evidence that theta rhythm binaural beats can alleviate pain intensity, both after a brief 30 minute and a longer one week on‐demand intervention. The subsequent significant reduction in analgesic medication consumption in chronic pain patients' daily living could offer a valuable tool, augmenting the effect of existing pain therapies.

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Binaural Beat Stimulation

Chaieb

Fell

2017

Theory-Driven Approaches to Cognitive Enhancement

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A comparison of auditory evoked potentials to acoustic beats and to binaural beats

Cited by 77 publications

References 61 publications

Tracking EEG changes in response to alpha and beta binaural beats

Tracking EEG changes in response to alpha and beta binaural beats

Reduced pain and analgesic use after acoustic binaural beats therapy in chronic pain ‐ A double‐blind randomized control cross‐over trial

Binaural Beat Stimulation

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