A Comparison of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) in River Water Quality Prediction

Abstract

River water is a crucial natural resource utilized for various purposes, including agriculture and drinking. Human activities such as mining, industrial discharge, and improper waste management contribute to river water pollution, affecting its quality and posing risks to human health. Monitoring and predicting river water quality are essential for effective management and pollution control. The research focuses on Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and comparing of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to developed prediction models. Evaluation of the models’ performance shows that the ANN model outperforms LSTM in predicting Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentrations, achieving lower Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Although LSTM exhibits lower Mean Squared Error (MSE), the ANN model demonstrates better accuracy in minimizing the average distance between predicted and actual values. The findings suggest that ANN-based models offer good performance in river water quality prediction, with potential for further enhancement through additional variables or model architecture adjustments.