A comparison of antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy of phenothiazinium dyes between Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial biofilm

Misba, Lama; Zaidi, Sahar; Khan, Asad U.

doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.01.177

Cited by 81 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Based on this context, various studies have been developed to investigate the efficacy of alternative approaches against E. faecalis, including antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) [16][17][18][20][21][22][23][24][25]. PDT is a therapeutic strategy that involves the combination of a nontoxic photosensitizer (PS) and a harmless visible light source [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, the action of different PSs has been the subject of widespread research, mainly phenothiazine dyes, porphyrins, and phthalocyanines [22]. Currently, the association of methylene blue (MB), with lasers at red wavelengths (600-700 nm), has been widely used for bacterial management in endodontic treatment by PDT [16][17][18][20][21][22][23][24][25]. In the presence of a light source, permeability to MB can vary according to the structural components present on the surface of the microorganisms, reducing their antimicrobial effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the presence of a light source, permeability to MB can vary according to the structural components present on the surface of the microorganisms, reducing their antimicrobial effects. In general, the literature shows that Grampositive bacteria are more susceptible to the action of PDT compared to Gram-negative bacteria [25][26][27][28]. This is due to differences in the physiology of these microorganisms, since Gram-positive bacteria have a relatively porous outer membrane formed by a thicker layer of peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is due to differences in the physiology of these microorganisms, since Gram-positive bacteria have a relatively porous outer membrane formed by a thicker layer of peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid. This feature allows a greater diffusion of the MB within the microbial cells, since they can be eliminated by lower concentration of this dye and lower doses of radiation, which explains the greater susceptibility of E. faecalis to PDT [20][21][22][23][24][25]. On the other hand, the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is thinner and complex, being formed by a heterogeneous composition of proteins with porin function, lipopolysaccharides, and lipoproteins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is thinner and complex, being formed by a heterogeneous composition of proteins with porin function, lipopolysaccharides, and lipoproteins. Due to the characteristics of their cell walls, Gram-negative bacteria are less permeable to MB reducing their action and therefore are more resistant to PDT than Gram-positive species [25][26][27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis in endodontic infections: antibiotic resistance profile and susceptibility to photodynamic therapy

et al. 2017

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Introduction Enterococcus faecium has become an important microorganism in nosocomial infections with great ability to acquire antibiotic resistance. However, little is known about their presence on the oral cavity. Therefore, our objective was to verify the presence of E. faecium and E. faecalis in endodontic infections and compare their susceptibility to conventional antibiotics and photodynamic therapy. Methods We performed 38 collections from the root canals of different patients. Positive Enterococcus agar samples were submitted to phenotypic and genotypic testing for speciesspecific confirmation. The isolates identified as E. faecium and E. faecalis were tested for susceptibility to antibiotics by the E-test method. After that, the isolates were evaluated for susceptibility to photodynamic therapy (PDT) using methylene blue and gallium arsenide aluminum laser with a wavelength of 660 nm and fluence of 39.5 J/cm 2 (energy of 15 J and time of 428 s).Results Cultures positive for E. faecalis were found in 22 patients (58%). Among these patients, only two had E. faecium in mixed infections with E. faecalis. In the isolates of E. faecalis, 27% were resistant to antibiotics, including tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin. The isolates of E. faecium showed no resistance to the antibiotics tested. Both the isolates of E. faecium and E. faecalis exhibit significant susceptibility to PDT, including the isolates resistant to antibiotics. The reductions achieved by PDT ranged of 2.76 to 4.31 log 10 for E. faecalis strains and of 3.93 to 4.33 log 10 for E. faecium strains. Conclusion E. faecium showed lower prevalence in endodontic infections and higher susceptibility to antibiotics when compared to E. faecalis. In in vitro assays, PDT had a significant antimicrobial activity for both strains.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis in endodontic infections: antibiotic resistance profile and susceptibility to photodynamic therapy

et al. 2017

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Environmentally Sustainable Elimination of Microbes Using Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes

Koch

Rosiwal

Burkovski

2022

Microbial Biotechnology

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Morphological changes and viability of Streptococcus mutans biofilm treated with erythrosine: A confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis

Paschoal,

Gonçalves,

Cavalcante

et al. 2023

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (a‐PDT) is a modality that aims to induce microorganisms through visible light, a photosensitizer, and molecular oxygen. This therapy has shown promising results in controlling cariogenic biofilm in vitro and in vivo counterparts. This study investigated bacterial viability and morphological characterization of Streptococcus mutans mature biofilms after combination of erythrosine and a high potency dental curing light. Biofilms were formed on saliva‐coated hydroxyapatite disks in batch culture. The samples were performed in triplicates. Fresh medium was replaced daily for five days and treated using 40 μM of E activated by HL 288 J/cm2 and total dose of 226 J at 1200 mW/cm2. Phosphate buffer saline and 0.12% of chlorhexidine were used as negative and positive control, respectively. After treatment, biofilms were assessed for microbial viability and morphological characterization by means of bio‐volume and thickness. COMSTAT software was used for image analysis. Data were analyzed using two‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey test with significance level 5%. The application of a‐PDT and CHX treatments decreased S. mutans bacterial viability. The image analysis showed more red cells on biofilms when compared to other groups, demonstrating photobacterial killing. Erythrosine irradiated with a high potency curing light can potentially act as an antimicrobial tool in the treatment of cariogenic biofilms. The morphology and viability of microorganisms were impacted after treatment. Treatment with photodynamic therapy may be able to reduce the bio‐volume and viability of bacteria present in biofilms.Clinical Relevance and Research HighlightsThe use of the a‐PDT technique has been applied in dentistry with satisfactory results. Some applications of this technique are in stomatology and endodontics. In the present study, we sought to understand the use of photodynamic therapy in the control of biofilm and the results found are compatible with the objective of microbiological control proposed by this technique, thus raising the alert for future studies in vivo using the combination of a‐PDT with erythrosine, since they are easily accessible materials for the dental surgeon and can be applied in clinical practice.

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A comparison of antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy of phenothiazinium dyes between Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial biofilm

Cited by 81 publications

References 28 publications

Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis in endodontic infections: antibiotic resistance profile and susceptibility to photodynamic therapy

Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis in endodontic infections: antibiotic resistance profile and susceptibility to photodynamic therapy

Environmentally Sustainable Elimination of Microbes Using Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes

Morphological changes and viability of Streptococcus mutans biofilm treated with erythrosine: A confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis

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