A Comparison of Aniseikonic Test Instruments and Prolonged Induction of Artificial Aniseikonia*

Miles, Paul W.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(48)91913-8

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Burian (1943) and Morrison (1972) investigated longterm adaptation to the GE and found it to be complete within a few days in the normal environment but only partially complete with instruments such as a horopter apparatus; for the IE, complete adaptation was found within a few days in the normal environment, but adaptation was not found with instrument measures. Similar results were found by Miles (1948) for the IE. Epstein and Morgan (1970), using an electro-luminescent Howard -Dolman apparatus to study short-term adaptation to the GE, found it to be 40% complete within 20 min and to remain so for the rest (40 min) of the test period.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Our results provide insight into the experiments in which long-term adaptation to the 1E was lacking, as measured in instruments (Burian, 1943;Miles, 1948;Morrison, 1972). We found very rapid adaptation to the 1E with the horopter measures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The time course of short-term adaptation to the IE has not be investigated. Studies on long-term adaptation to the IE did not provide evidence of adaptation with instruments (Miles, 1948;Morrison, 1972). However, due to the time scale and long inter-test intervals used in these experiments, early transient adaptive changes would not be detected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Short‐term Adaptation to the Induced Effect

Lee¹,

Ciuffreda²

1983

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The short-term adaptation (1-4 h) to the induced effect was investigated on four subjects. A 4% meridional afocal magnifier axis 180 was worn before one eye in normal binocular conditions, which produced vertical retinal-image disparity. In certain circumstances this vertical disparity will give rise to the induced effect, i.e. a surface in the objective frontal plane will appear to be rotated around a vertical axis with the apparently closer edge on the same side as the magnifying lens. Adaptation, which is considered as a reduction in the induced effect over time, was measured with a modified Howard - Dolman apparatus. Both the maximal induced effect and the maximal short-term adaptation occurred within the first 30 min and ranged from 40 to 85%. The final level of short-term adaptation to the induced effect ranged from 20 to 45%. These results suggest a rapid recalibration of binocular depth perception by higher-level perceptual centers.

show abstract

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Short‐term Adaptation to the Induced Effect

Lee¹,

Ciuffreda²

1983

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They have also been attributed to recalibration of the mapping between retinal disparity and perceived depth (Epstein, 1972;Epstein & Morgan, 1970;Mack & Chitayat, 1970) or slant (Adams, Banks, & van Ee, 2001). Stereoscopic after-effects have further been attributed to down weighting or even suppression of the disparity cue due to conflicts between disparity and the monocular cues (Burian, 1943;Burian & Ogle, 1945;Miles, 1948). Finally, stereoscopic after-effects may result from perceived depth biases (Balch, Milewski, & Yonas, 1977;Duke & Wilcox, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereo-slant adaptation is high level and does not involve disparity coding

2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We have investigated the potential stages of visual processing at which adaptation may occur to a slanted surface produced by horizontal magnification. Predictions of three hypotheses were tested utilizing a property of depth from binocular disparity, namely that slant scales with distance. If adaptation occurs at the disparity level, then the after-effect expressed in units of horizontal magnification will be independent of the test distance. If adaptation occurs at either a perceived slant or mapping level, then the after-effect, expressed in units of slant, will be independent of the test distance. If adaptation is contingent on distance, then the after-effect will not transfer over distance. Subjects adapted to a stereo-defined slanted surface at a distance of 57 cm. The after-effect was measured with a test stimulus at a distance of 28, 57, 85, or 114 cm by means of a nulling method. When the after-effect was expressed in units of slant, we found that it was larger at the adapting distance than other test distances, and that the after-effect was constant at test distances different from the adaptation distance. These results suggest that two types of adaptation occurred, namely adaptation on a mapping/perception level and adaptation contingent on distance.

show abstract

“…At a viewing distance of 40 cm, a 4% vertically magnifying lens before the right eye will cause a shift to the left of about 14 deg away from the actual median plane of the head. Miles (1948) wore vertically magnifying lenses (3 % and 4%) over one eye continuously for relatively long periods (up to 37 days). There was a marked distortion of objects in space, but he experienced no difficulty in directing his gaze at will.…”

Section: Determination Of the Median Plane Of The Headmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size constancy, depth constancy and vertical disparities: a further quantitative interpretation

Bishop

1994

Biol. Cybern.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The size and depth constancies considered here operate only at near distances (< about 2 m) in a static stimulus situation with vergence as the only cue to distance. The innervation of the extraocular muscles, as evidenced by the corollary discharge, provides information about the vergence of the eyes and hence about the egocentric distance both for symmetrical and asymmetrical vergences. Size and depth constancies are regarded as the first and second stages of a linked two-stage process. In the lateral geniculate nuclei compensatory adjustments are separately applied to each retinal image as they are received from the two eyes. The modified ocular images, with their associated vertical and horizontal disparities, now provide synaptic inputs to binocularly activated cells in the visual cortex. Then, by a process akin to the induced effect, cortical cells with geniculate afferents with vertical disparities will have their outputs expressed in terms of horizontal disparities. The horizontal disparity outputs of these cortical cells are then further multiplied by the outputs from cortical cells with geniculate afferents with horizontal disparities. It is this second multiplicative process that brings about the quadratic relationship between horizontal retinal disparity and egocentric distance. The proposed mechanisms involve the known ability of the visual system to detect and respond to vertical as well as horizontal disparities and provide a definite role for the induced effect in the perceptual process. The above neural model is based on fairly simple equations that give a remarkably adequate description of the operation of the two constancies.

show abstract

A Comparison of Aniseikonic Test Instruments and Prolonged Induction of Artificial Aniseikonia*

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

Short‐term Adaptation to the Induced Effect

Short‐term Adaptation to the Induced Effect

Stereo-slant adaptation is high level and does not involve disparity coding

Size constancy, depth constancy and vertical disparities: a further quantitative interpretation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About