A comparison of airborne ergosterol, glucan and Air-O-Cell data in relation to physical assessments of mold damage and some other parameters

Foto, Mark; Vrijmoed, L. L. P.; Miller, J. David; Ruest, Ken; Lawton, Mark; Dales, Robert

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2005.00370.x

Cited by 71 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Thorn and Rylander (1998) Lee et al (2006), they fall to same ranges as reported by Thorn and Rylander (1998) and Foto et al (2005). The levels measured in Southern Ohio in this study are within the range reported by Lee et al (2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…There are no previous reports on (1→3)-β-D-glucan analyzed by the LAL-method in New Orleans, but several investigators have used this method for the analysis of non size-selective air samples in other geographic areas (Thorn and Rylander, 1998;Foto et al, 2005;Lee et al, 2006). Thorn and Rylander (1998) Lee et al (2006), they fall to same ranges as reported by Thorn and Rylander (1998) and Foto et al (2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Hyphal fragments have been shown to represent 6-56% of the total fungal particle counts in field samples based on microscopic sample analysis (Li and Kendrick, 1996;Foto et al, 2005;Green et al, 2005). This method is limited typically to particles >1 μm (Green et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fungal fragments in moldy houses: A field study in homes in New Orleans and Southern Ohio

Reponen

Seo

Grimsley

et al. 2007

Atmospheric Environment

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Smaller-sized fungal fragments (<1 μm) may contribute to mold-related health effects. Previous laboratory-based studies have shown that the number concentration of fungal fragments can be up to 500 times higher than that of fungal spores, but this has not yet been confirmed in a field study due to lack of suitable methodology. We have recently developed a field-compatible method for the sampling and analysis of airborne fungal fragments. The new methodology was utilized for characterizing fungal fragment exposures in mold-contaminated homes selected in New Orleans, Louisiana and Southern Ohio. Airborne fungal particles were separated into three distinct size fractions: (i) >2.25 μm (spores); (ii) 1.05-2.25 μm (mixture); and (iii) < 1.0 μm (submicrometersized fragments). Samples were collected in five homes in summer and winter and analyzed for (1→3)-β-D-glucan. The total (1→3)-β-D-glucan varied from 0.2 to 16.0 ng m −3 . The ratio of (1→3)-β-D-glucan mass in fragment size fraction to that in spore size fraction (F/S) varied from 0.011 to 2.163. The mass ratio was higher in winter (average = 1.017) than in summer (0.227) coinciding with a lower relative humidity in the winter. Assuming a mass-based F/S-ratio=1 and the spore size = 3 μm, the corresponding number-based F/S-ratio (fragment number/spore number) would be 10 3 and 10 6 , for the fragment sizes of 0.3 and 0.03 μm, respectively. These results indicate that the actual (field) contribution of fungal fragments to the overall exposure may be very high, even much greater than that estimated in our earlier laboratory-based studies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Fungal fragments in moldy houses: A field study in homes in New Orleans and Southern Ohio

Reponen

Seo

Grimsley

et al. 2007

Atmospheric Environment

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“…Analyzing 22% of the AOC and 50% of the BA sample traces required about the same amount of time, which was a practical constraint when analyzing multiple sets of field samples. In addition, Foto et al (2005) have reported that analyzing 25% of the AOC sample trace was sufficient to achieve reproducible results.…”

Section: Spore Counting Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chaetomium was the second most frequently detected contaminant spore in the 76 BA samples reviewed, and it is commonly detected in BA samples collected in potentially contaminated indoor environments. Foto et al (2005) have also presented data collected with the AOC as well as other methods. In that study, airborne glucan and ergosterol concentrations were reported to be correlated to visible mold damage in the subject properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Replicate Field Samples Collected with the Bi-Air, Air-O-Cell, and Graesby-Andersen N6 Bioaerosol Samplers

Spurgeon

2007

Aerosol Science and Technology

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The Bi-Air (BA) and Air-O-Cell (AOC) cassettes have been compared for the collection of Aspergillus/Penicillium (Asp/Pen) and Chaetomium spores based on replicate and/or duplicate samples collected under typical field conditions. Total culturable Asp and Pen concentrations were also compared for the BA and the N6 impactor based on duplicate field samples. When single Asp/Pen spores or small chains were dominant, the average BA:AOC concentration ratio was 2.1 (11,260 spores/m 3 v 5,400 spores/m 3 ) for six duplicate samples collected in a well-mixed room. This ratio was consistent with previous studies performed under controlled conditions. However, the average BA:AOC concentration ratio was 54 (765,00 spores/m 3 v 36,800 spores/m 3 ) for four replicate samples in which small Asp/Pen spores and clusters of Asp/Pen spores were dominant. The average BA:AOC concentration ratio for Chaetomium was typically 8.6, with a high of 100 for the four replicate samples in which Asp/Pen clusters were dominant.It was concluded that the performance of the BA and the AOC, except for a reasonably constant 2:1 ratio of concentrations, were similar for the detection of single Asp/Pen spores or small chains. However, the BA generally detected higher concentrations of Asp/Pen spores when clusters were dominant; and detected Chaetomium spores in more of the replicate field samples and at a higher average concentration.The average concentrations of culturable Aspergillus and Penicillium were not statistically different for six duplicate N6 and BA samples collected in a well-mixed room. For nine duplicate field samples with N6 concentrations of total culturable fungi greater than 1,000 cfu/m 3 , the N6 and BA were moderately correlated (r = 0.76). It was concluded that the ability of the BA to collect culturable fungi was similar to that of the N6 for short-term samples.

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Indoor Air Quality in Nonindustrial Occupational Environments

Morey

Crawford

Rottersman³

2011

Patty's Industrial Hygiene

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The study summarizes about the indoor air quality of the buildings. Historically, the concept of indoor air quality (IAQ) has included view points that outdoor ventilation air is required both to prevent adverse health effects and to provide for comfort of occupants. It has been observed that airborne contagious diseases and malodor are more prominent in the crowded places with deﬁcient ventilation. The different approaches that can be used during IAQ evaluations reﬂect the varied kinds of problems that can occur in buildings. Higher morbidity and mortality in developing countries have multifactorial causes, with contaminated food, water, and air as major risk factors. An ASHRAE ventilation standard recommends the provision of outdoor air rate per person to lower the risk of diseases. The article focuses IAQ evaluation protocols and guidelines, Canadian and EPA guides, etc.

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A comparison of airborne ergosterol, glucan and Air-O-Cell data in relation to physical assessments of mold damage and some other parameters

Cited by 71 publications

References 31 publications

Fungal fragments in moldy houses: A field study in homes in New Orleans and Southern Ohio

Fungal fragments in moldy houses: A field study in homes in New Orleans and Southern Ohio

A Comparison of Replicate Field Samples Collected with the Bi-Air, Air-O-Cell, and Graesby-Andersen N6 Bioaerosol Samplers

Indoor Air Quality in Nonindustrial Occupational Environments

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