A comparison of acceptance- and control-based strategies for coping with food cravings: An analog study

Forman, Evan M.; Hoffman, Kimberly L.; McGrath, Kathleen B.; Herbert, James D.; Brandsma, Lynn L.; Lowe, Michael R.

doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.04.004

Cited by 246 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The dissociation of cardiac changes support earlier experimental study specifically tying cognitive stress effects to cortisol, rather than a more general stress response, and indicates thatFin our populationFthe effects were specific to the acute stress response rather than occurring under baseline conditions. This study has direct implications for understanding the role of cognitive control with respect to behavior modification, including cognitive behavioral therapy, in the treatment of obesity, [38][39][40][41][42][43][44] and in understanding how the obese may differ cognitively from the healthy population in the application of these techniques under acute stress. Future studies, using larger participant sample sizes, more rigorous body fat indices, tasks capable of differentiating between specific cognitive functions and targeting more directly the obese population, will further enhance our understanding of the relationship between endocrine and cognitive stress resilience as a function of body fat, and will also explore the implications of these studies with respect to chronic, rather than acute, real-world stressors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher body fat percentage is associated with increased cortisol reactivity and impaired cognitive resilience in response to acute emotional stress

2008

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Objective: Cortisol is elevated in individuals with both increased emotional stress and higher percentages of body fat. Cortisol is also known to affect cognitive performance, particularly spatial processing and working memory. We hypothesized that increased body fat might therefore be associated with decreased performance on a spatial processing task, in response to an acute real-world stressor. Design: We tested two separate samples of participants undergoing their first (tandem) skydive. In the first sample (N ¼ 78), participants were tested for salivary cortisol and state anxiety (Spielberger State Anxiety Scale) during the plane's 15-min ascent to altitude in immediate anticipation of the jump. In a second sample (N ¼ 20), participants were tested for salivary cortisol, as well as cardiac variables (heart rate, autonomic regulation through heart rate variability) and performance on a cognitive task of spatial processing, selective attention and working memory. Results: In response to the skydive, individuals with greater body fat percentages showed significantly increased reactivity for both cortisol (on both samples) and cognition, including decreased accuracy of our task of spatial processing, selective attention and working memory. These cognitive effects were restricted to the stress response and were not found under baseline conditions. There were no body fat interactions with cardiac changes in response to the stressor, suggesting that the cognitive effects were specifically hormone mediated rather than secondary to general activation of the autonomic nervous system. Conclusions: Our results indicate that, under real-world stress, increased body fat may be associated with endocrine stress vulnerability, with consequences for deleterious cognitive performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher body fat percentage is associated with increased cortisol reactivity and impaired cognitive resilience in response to acute emotional stress

2008

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“…As with IBT in the first-stage, there is an evidence base for IBT+MR [5,56,57] and ACT [58][59][60][61][62] as second-stage treatment options for weight loss. MR is effective for weight loss, in part, because it alleviates the need for decision-making regarding what food(s) to prepare as well as the time and effort needed to prepare the food.…”

Section: Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research also suggests the promise of ACT for managing or losing weight (Table 2) [58][59][60][61][62]. Although ACT may not produce superior weight losses on average compared to more traditional interventions, ACT may be particularly effective for certain types of individuals, specifically, those who experience higher levels of negative affect, and may, therefore, be a suitable second-stage treatment option for nonresponders.…”

Section: Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to SMART designs for the development of adaptive interventions: with application to weight loss research

Almirall

Nahum‐Shani

Sherwood

et al. 2014

Behav. Med. Pract. Policy Res.

337

274

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The management of many health disorders often entails a sequential, individualized approach whereby treatment is adapted and readapted over time in response to the specific needs and evolving status of the individual. Adaptive interventions provide one way to operationalize the strategies (e.g., continue, augment, switch, step-down) leading to individualized sequences of treatment. Often, a wide variety of critical questions must be answered when developing a highquality adaptive intervention. Yet, there is often insufficient empirical evidence or theoretical basis to address these questions. The Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART)-a type of research design-was developed explicitly for the purpose of building optimal adaptive interventions by providing answers to such questions. Despite increasing popularity, SMARTs remain relatively new to intervention scientists. This manuscript provides an introduction to adaptive interventions and SMARTs. We discuss SMART design considerations, including common primary and secondary aims. For illustration, we discuss the development of an adaptive intervention for optimizing weight loss among adult individuals who are overweight. KEYWORDS

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“…Overall, internalized weight stigma was found to be closely related to the unwillingness to stay in contact with, and attempts to control unwanted weight-related internal experiences (Lillis et al, 2010;. In turn, research has been unveiling the pervasive role of experiential avoidance patterns in dealing with eating and weight difficulties (Forman et al, 2007;Lillis & Hayes, 2008;Lillis, Hayes, & Levin, 2011;Weineland, Lillis, & Dahl, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of weight self-stigma on the quality of life of women with overweight and obesity: A multi-group comparison between binge eaters and non-binge eaters

2016

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Weight self-stigma is conceptualized as a multidimensional concept involving experiences of shame, self-devaluation and the perception of being discriminated against in social situations due to one's weight. It has been associated with experiential avoidance, unhealthy eating behaviours, binge eating and diminish quality-of-life (QoL). The current study aims to explore the mediation effect of weight-related experiential avoidance on the relationship between weight self-stigma and obesity-related QoL in women with and without binge eating (BE).The sample comprised 282 women with overweight or obesity, from which 100 presented BE symptoms. Sample's mean age was 44.24 (SD = 11.30), with a mean BMI of 31.40 (SD = 4.53). Participants completed a set of self-reported measures regarding BE symptoms, weight self-stigma, weight-related experiential avoidance and QoL.Results from path analysis supported the mediation of weight-related experiential avoidance on the relationship between weight self-stigma and QoL, even when controlling for BMI. The model accounted 58% of QoL variance. Furthermore, the multi-group analysis revealed that the model was not invariant for both groups. The analysis of the critical ratios showed that the path from weight-related experiential avoidance to QoL was stronger for the BE group. Also the model only explained 39% of QoL for the group without BE and 65% of QoL for the BE group.This study highlights the pervasive role of weigh self-stigma, particularly fear of being discriminated and weight-related experiential avoidance on obesity-related quality-of-life, especially for those women with BE. Additionally, it supports that interventions should focus not only in weight loss but also in improving individual's QoL, promoting the development of adaptive emotional regulation strategies.

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A comparison of acceptance- and control-based strategies for coping with food cravings: An analog study

Cited by 246 publications

References 30 publications

Higher body fat percentage is associated with increased cortisol reactivity and impaired cognitive resilience in response to acute emotional stress

Higher body fat percentage is associated with increased cortisol reactivity and impaired cognitive resilience in response to acute emotional stress

Introduction to SMART designs for the development of adaptive interventions: with application to weight loss research

The role of weight self-stigma on the quality of life of women with overweight and obesity: A multi-group comparison between binge eaters and non-binge eaters

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