A Comparison Hetween the Summer and Autumn Air‐sporas at London and Liverpool

Effects of meteorological factors on the levels ofAlternariaandCladosporiumspores in the atmosphere of Palencia, 1990–92

“…Nevertheless, Goodman et al (1966) report that the main season for Cladosporium sporulation is autumn. According to Davies et al (1963), the concentration of Cladosporium in the atmosphere has been shown to increase in summer. On other hand, Infante and Dominguez (1988) have found a decrease in the aerial content of this form-genus during this period.…”

Global fungal spore emissions, review and synthesis of literature data

“…(Davies et al, 1963;Hamilton, 1959;Rodríguez-Rajo et al, 2005;Oliveira et al, 2009;Mallo et al, 2010;Levetin and Dorsey, 2006;Herrero et al, 2006;Wu et al, 2004;Stepalska and Wolek, 2009;Kasprzyk and Worek, 2006;Sakiyan and Inceoglu, 2003). Among these, mostly models from Lanzoni (VPPS 2000) (Lanzoni, 2010) or Burkard (Burkard Scientific, 2000) were used.…”

“…Sampling Device Airflow Sample Period/Number of Samplings Amato et al (2005) Single stage cloud collectors n/a 2 Samplings Amato et al (2007) Sterilised cloud droplet impactor n/a 7 cloud events Bauer et al (2002a) Active cloud water sampler n/a 3 cloud events, 8 samplings Beaumont et al (1985) Andersen Sampler model 0101 28.3 l min −1 1981-1983/weekly, 3 samplings per day Burch and Levetin (2002) Burkart volumetric spore trap n/a four days in September Côté et al (2008) 12.5 l min −1 6.5 h/one sampling Davies et al (1963) Hirst-type spore trap 10 l min −1 n/a Herrero et al (2006) Hirst-type spore trap (Burkart) n/a year 2003/continuous samplings DiGiorgio et al (1996) Hirst-type spore trap (Burkart) 40 l min −1 one year/2 samplings a week Elbert et al (2007) Rotating impactor, isokinetic jet impactor n/a 2001/continuous measurements Fisar et al (1990) Single stage large-volume impactor 42 l min −1 50-200l per sample, i.e. a few minutes Glikson et al (1995) Teflon filters for PM10 n/a 4-8 1992/daily samplings Gregory (1952) May cascade impactor 10 l min −1 24 h Griffin et al (2001) Filter samples 9.3 l min −1 18-28 July 2000 5 samplings Griffin et al (2003) Filter membrane 6.5-28.4 l min −1 18 July 2000-8 August 2001 Griffin et al (2006) Filter membrane 1.9-17.4 l min −1 06:30-18:45 UTC/2-3 air samplings Griffin et al (2007) Membrane Filtration n/a 3-10 2002/continuous samplings Griffin (2007) Data taken from multiple sources n/a n/a Hamilton (1959) Hirst-type spore trap 10 l min −1 5-9 1954/15 min per day Ho et al (2005) Hirst-type spore trap 10 l min −1 continuous from 1993 to 1996 Kasprzyk and Worek (2006) Hirst-type spore trap (Lanzoni) 10 l min −1 one year/continuous samplings Kellogg et al (2004) in-house designed system 10 l min −1 n/a Lau et al (2006) Graseby GMWT 2200 would be of help in order to minimize measurement biases and allow for better intercomparability of measurements.…”

Variation in the start of the grass pollen season at selected sites in the united kingdom 1987–1992

“…This research was limited by the use of depositional samplers with a low sampling efficiency greatly affected by airflow. Davies et al (1963) compared the catches, mainly of grass and nettle pollen, at two sites, London and Liverpool, over one season using a volumetric spore trap. The grass season peaked nine days earlier in London than at Liverpool and this was attributed to a more rapid rise in cumulative temperature in London.…”