A Comparison between the Horizontal Condylar and Bennett Angles of Iraqi Full Mouth Rehabilitation Patients by Using Two Different Articulator Systems : An In-Vivo Study

Abstract

Background: Errors of horizontal condylar inclinations and Bennett angles had largely affected the articulation of teeth and the pathways of cusps. The aim of this study was to estimate and compare between the horizontal condylar (protrusive) angles and Bennett angles of full mouth rehabilitation patients using two different articulator systems. Materials and Methods: Protrusive angles and Bennett angles of 50 adult males and females Iraqi TMD-free full mouth rehabilitation patients were estimated by using two different articulator systems. Arbitrary hinge axis location followed by protrusive angles and Bennett angles, estimation was done by a semiadjustable articulator system. A fully adjustable articulator system was utilized to locate the terminal hinge axis using a kinematic face bow followed by protrusive angles location by the aid of two square shaped transparent hard plastic protractors attached close to the condylar stylus of the articulator followed by Bennett angles calculation according to the Hanau formula. All results were subjected to statistical analyses. Results: The two articulator systems scored protrusive angles for male patients greater than female patients which were non-significant for the fully adjustable articulator but they were significant for the semiadjustable articulator. Non-significance existed between females of the fully adjustable articulator and males of the semiadjustable articulator while high significance was located between males of the fully adjustable articulator and females of the semiadjustable articulator. Concerning Bennett angles, the highest mean value belonged to the male group of the fully adjustable articulator, while the lowest scored by the female group of the semiadjustable articulator. Highly significant differences were located between the Bennett angle mean values of the groups. Conclusion: Using both articulators, the total mean values of the males were greater than the females regarding both horizontal condylar angles and Bennett angles with the total means scored by the fully adjustable articulator being larger than those of the semi-adjustable type. Using both articulators, the males' right and left condyles exhibited greater Bennett angles than their female equivalents. The precision estimation of the horizontal condylar angles and Bennett angles provided by the condylar axis protractors of the fully adjustable articulator render such type of articulators most suitable for treating full mouth rehabilitation cases.

Comparative Evaluation of Condylar Guidance Angles Measured Using Arcon and Non-Arcon Articulators and Panoramic Radiographs—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Five of the thirteen investigations [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ] evaluated the measurement of sagittal CGV; the HCGV in was covered in seven [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. ( Table 1 ).…”

“…Individuals ranging in age from 18 to 75 were included in the research. Only three studies [ 22 , 29 , 31 ] considered CGV values acquired using a non-arcon articulator, while all studies [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ] used an arcon articulator for CGV analysis. In the majority of studies [ 21 , 24 , 25 , 30 , 31 , 32 ], radiographs evaluated significantly higher values compared to the articulator, with panoramic X-rays evaluating higher CGVs compared to their mechanical measurement counterparts.…”

“…Only three studies [ 22 , 29 , 31 ] considered CGV values acquired using a non-arcon articulator, while all studies [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ] used an arcon articulator for CGV analysis. In the majority of studies [ 21 , 24 , 25 , 30 , 31 , 32 ], radiographs evaluated significantly higher values compared to the articulator, with panoramic X-rays evaluating higher CGVs compared to their mechanical measurement counterparts. Although in one study [ 31 ], males scored higher total mean values than females using both articulators for both HCGV and LCGV, with the arcon articulator obtaining higher overall mean values than the non-arcon articulator, gender correlation was not frequently sought.…”

“… Bias assessment of individual studies using RoB-2 tool across five different domains [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. …”

Comparison between Tracing Method and Cone Beam Imaging for Recording Bennett Movement

“…Bennett movement occurs in medio-lateral direction and is limited by the temporomandibular ligament (8) . Bennett noticed the lateral shift in the position of the working condyle (the side which the mandible moves towards), he noted that, when the mandible was moved bodily to one side, the condyle on this side rotated in its place or moved slightly lateral, and the opposite condyle the balancing condyle moved downward and forward (9) . The Bennett movement is directly proportional to the side lateral shift.…”