A comparison between pre-operative carprofen and a long-acting sufentanil formulation for analgesia after ovariohysterectomy in dogs

Effect of surgeon experience on postoperative plasma cortisol and C‐reactive protein concentrations after ovariohysterectomy in the dog: a randomised trial

“…In veterinary medicine, plasma cortisol and C-reactive protein (CRP) have both been studied in the context of surgical stress markers since the mid-1990s. 1,4,5,[11][12][13] Those studies identified that all forms of surgery increased plasma cortisol concentrations markedly and that increases were greatest in the first 6 h, with a return to presurgical levels by 24 h. 1,4,5,12,13 It has also been reported that cortisol responses are altered by different types of analgesic and surgical techniques, with painful or invasive techniques causing greater increases in the cortisol concentration. It increases transiently in response to stressors such as pain, excitement, fear or anxiety, or more chronically in long-term stress.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Cortisol is secreted by the adrenal glands in response to adrenocorticotrophic hormone released from the pituitary gland. 3,6,[12][13][14] Numerous other factors have also been found to influence canine cortisol levels, such as novel experiences, housing and handling, or analgesia without surgery. 10 A number of studies have examined the effect of anaesthesia and surgery on cortisol concentration changes in dogs.…”

Comparison of postoperative effects between lidocaine infusion, meloxicam, and their combination in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy

“…As ovariohysterectomy usually is performed electively on healthy, previously pain free animals, all post‐operative pain can be attributed to the surgery (Slingsby et al. ). This procedure provides a well controlled clinical model in the study of peri‐operative analgesics.…”

“…Several studies have shown that the pain induced by ovariohysterectomy may affect postoperative behaviour of dogs for up to 24 hours Lemke et al 2002). As ovariohysterectomy usually is performed electively on healthy, previously pain free animals, all postoperative pain can be attributed to the surgery (Slingsby et al 2006). This procedure provides a well controlled clinical model in the study of perioperative analgesics.…”

Sufentanil–2‐Hydroxypropyl‐β‐Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex for pain Treatment: Physicochemical, Cytotoxicity, and Pharmacological Evaluation

“…However, constant rate infusions or repeated injections are often used to overcome the short duration of action, evoking typical opioid side effects such as, bradycardia, respiratory depression, or excessive sedation. In the light of these observations, SUF was selected for this study because of its high potency and effective release after intramuscular injection,1,2 being an interesting molecule for the development of drug‐delivery systems for opioid analgesics.…”