A comparison between Northern and Southern Hemisphere tundras and related ecosystems

French, D. D.; Smith, V. R.

doi:10.1007/bf00446040

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Van Ballegooyen, R.C., Perissinotto, R., Ismail, A., Boden, B.R., Lucas, M., Allanson, B.R., et al 1989 The climate of the sub-Antarctic islands, along with their geographic isolation and biotic influences, makes them unique (French & Smith 1985;Smith & French 1988). The highly oceanic nature of this climate, coupled with the strong influence of passing frontal systems creates an unusual climate where freezing temperatures can occur during any month, gale force winds blow most weeks and daily temperature maxima can occur during the middle of the night.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Prince Edward Islands: Land-Sea Interactions in a Changing Ecosystem

Chown

Froneman

2008

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No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any electronic, photographic or mechanical means, including photocopying and recording on record, tape or laser disk, on microfilm, via the Internet, by e-mail, or by any other information storage and retrieval system, without prior written permission by the publisher. First edition 2008ISBN 978-1-920109-85-1 ISBN 978-1-928357-06-3 (e-book) Set in 11 BaskervilleCover design and typographic setting by Liezel Meintjes SUN PReSS is an imprint of AFRICAN SUN MeDIA (Pty) Ltd. Academic, professional and reference works are published under this imprint in print and electronic format. This publication may be ordered directly from www.sun-e-shop.co.za conTenTs

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Section: Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3.1; Schulze 1971;. Indeed, the oceanic climate of the Southern Hemisphere sub-polar terrestrial habitats distinguishes them from their Northern Hemisphere equivalents, which have continental climates with pronounced seasonality (French & Smith 1985).…”

Section: The Hyper-oceanic Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

The Prince Edward Islands: Land-Sea Interactions in a Changing Ecosystem

Chown

Froneman

2008

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“…Baeostethus chiltoni is restricted to a small band of habitat of loose pebbles proximal to the moving tide and it is likely that this species is not exposed to climatic conditions that may affect populations of terrestrial subantarctic species (French & Smith 1985;Danks 1999). Most specimens were captured beneath larger stones where they were spotted after close inspection of the rock surfaces; the red-brown bodies of adults and light coloured bodies of larvae are similar to the colour of their background.…”

Section: Natural History and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematics ofBaeostethus chiltoni,a subantarctic liparocephaline (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae): A Pangean relic or a more recent immigrant?

Leschen¹,

Bullians²,

Michaux³

et al. 2002

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand

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The placement of Leptusa chiltoni is restored to its original status as sole member of the genus Baeostethus. Baeostethus chiltoni is a subantarctic intertidal species that is present on the shores of Auckland, Antipodes, and Campbell islands. Baeostethus is concluded to be a member of Liparocephalini based on the absence of seta v on the adult mentum, several setae distributed only on the mesal surface and apex of the galea, and contiguous mesocoxal cavities. The phylogenetic relationships of Liparocephalini are investigated in the context of a previous study and Baeostethus is shown to be a sister taxon to Liparocephalus based on 12 synapomorphies (nine are unique). The majority of Liparocephalini are distributed along the coasts of the northern Pacific rim, some 9000 km away from B. chiltoni. Most are apterous, and with Baeostethus as a relatively derived member of the group, it is difficult to reconcile the biogeographic pattern based on a dispersal event from the northern Pacific to the Campbell Plateau. We argue that the trans-Pacific pattern in Liparocephalini is due to an older contiguous distribution along the coastal margins of Pangea. The data are supported by an alternative area cladogram derived from a rerooted tree, congruence with a Pacific rim pattern seen in intertidal Aegalitinae (Salpingidae), and the distribution and phylogeny of terrestrial Gymnusini (Aleocharinae).

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“…In the Northern Hemisphere sites, this is 1-2 m in the high Arctic, 2-20 m in low-Arctic and more severe Sub-arctic sites, 20-200 m in the milder Sub-arctic/Sub-alpine areas, and up to 1,000 m or more in cool-temperate and temperate alpine zones. In the southern islands, the equivalent vegetation change takes 5-50 m, while a further change of 50-500 m eliminates all plants, except scattered short grasses and cushion-forming forbs, and cryptogams" (French and Smith 1985). …”

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Surface areas of altitudinal zones on sub-Antarctic Marion Island

Meiklejohn

Smith

2007

Polar Biol

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Without Abstract French and Smith (1985) used climatic, edaphic and vegetation information in an ordinal comparison to define the position of sub-Antarctic islands in the "tundra spectrum". They showed that sub-Antarctic islands possess almost the full range of vegetation types found in Northern Hemisphere tundra. A particularly significant finding concerned how altitude influenced the islands' climatic and edaphic regimes and their vegetation: "The overall position of the sub-Antarctic islands in the tundra spectrum can be expressed by the altitudinal change needed to go from the lowest altitude "tundra vegetation", usually meadow or mire, to fellfield (or equivalent)-i.e. the increase in altitude required for the elimination of all other vegetation types. In the Northern Hemisphere sites, this is 1-2 m in the high Arctic, 2-20 m in low-Arctic and more severe Sub-arctic sites, 20-200 m in the milder Sub-arctic/Sub-alpine areas, and up to 1,000 m or more in cool-temperate and temperate alpine zones. In the southern islands, the equivalent vegetation change takes 5-50 m, while a further change of 50-500 m eliminates all plants, except scattered short grasses and cushion-forming forbs, and cryptogams" (French and Smith 1985).

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A comparison between Northern and Southern Hemisphere tundras and related ecosystems

Cited by 35 publications

References 10 publications

The Prince Edward Islands: Land-Sea Interactions in a Changing Ecosystem

The Prince Edward Islands: Land-Sea Interactions in a Changing Ecosystem

Systematics ofBaeostethus chiltoni,a subantarctic liparocephaline (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae): A Pangean relic or a more recent immigrant?

Surface areas of altitudinal zones on sub-Antarctic Marion Island

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