A comparison between different numerical formulations for welding arc representations

Ramírez, Marco; Trápaga, G.; McKelliget, J.

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.04.313

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Apart from numerical simulation [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], different experimental methods have been developed to study the energy distribution of TIG arcs; e.g. spectroscopy [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] and arc pressure measurement [24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arc instabilities during split anode calorimetry with the TIG welding process

2018

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Split anode calorimetry investigations of tungsten inert gas (TIG) arcs were conducted using a large diameter shielding gas nozzle. Some conditions displayed arc symmetry whilst others proved distinctly asymmetric. The variation of welding current and electrode tip to workpiece distance (ETWD) was studied. Decreasing the ETWD was found to increase the current density towards the arc axis but similar to a previous study of the authors, Gaussian distributions were not observed. The gas nozzle was designed to produce laminar gas flow and sound shielding behaviour, however, anode surface oxidation was found after welding; presumably caused by shielding gas contaminated with oxygen through the welding sequence. Therefore, axial arc symmetry was influenced by random effects. The conditions and reasons for the observed phenomena are explored within this paper.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arc instabilities during split anode calorimetry with the TIG welding process

2018

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“…Previous research has focussed on the current and power density distributions with weld currents >100 ampere arcs involving different experimental techniques such as spectroscopy [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] , non-invasive laser-scattering 2, [14][15][16] , arc pressure measurement [17][18][19][20] , Langmuir probe 21,22 and split anode calorimetry for GTAW 2,4,14,15,[23][24][25][26][27] and Plasma Arc Welding 28 . In addition, numerical modelling has been extensively used to simulate gas shielded tungsten arcs and their interaction with the work piece e 25,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of low current gas tungsten arc welding using split anode calorimetry

Egerland

Colegrove

Williams

2017

Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

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Most previous split anode calorimetry research has applied high weld currents which exhibit pseudo Gaussian distributions of arc current and power density. In this paper we investigate low current arcs and show that both the current and power distributions have minima in the centre-varying significantly from the expected Gaussian profile. This was postulated due to the formation of the arc with the copper anode and the tungsten cathode. Furthermore, a number of parameters were varied including the step size between measurements, anode thickness and anode surface condition as well as cathode type and tip geometry. The step size between measurements significantly influenced the distribution profile and the anode thickness needed to be above 7 mm to obtain consistent results.

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“…In previous work, a numerical model of an atmospheric pressure argon arc with a non-consumable DC-negative electrode was developed, solved numerically through the CFD code PHOENICS, and validated against experimental results and other numerical models by comparing the main arc characteristics and arc-weld pool interactions extensively [19], [20]. The main assumptions to model the arc column include considering Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE), axisymmetry, and optically transparent plasma in a steady state.…”

Section: Arc Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, the electric potential conservation equation is solved to obtain the electromagnetic variables. This procedure is called the "potential approach" [21]. Next, Ohm's law is used to calculate the current density's axial and radial components, and Ampere's law allows for obtaining the azimuthal magnetic field.…”

Section: Arc Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

General expressions for heat distribution, pressure, and current density in argon welding arcs

Villarreal-Medina

Delgado-Álvarez

Murphy

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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In welding and wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), a mobile arc is the heat source that enables the deposition of metals and the resulting properties of the final product. Because the arc involves temperatures of 20 000 K, and gas velocities of the order of 300 m/s, there are only a few experiments and models available to determine optimal, or at least acceptable, parameters for the operation such as current, voltage, and arc length. On the other hand, there is a lack of engineering guidance to optimize the processes resulting in costly and time-consuming trial-and-error optimization methods, which also involve wasteful use of energy and scrap parts. In this work, a numerical model of the gas-tungsten arc welding (GTAW) arc was created and validated against experiments. The model considers the arc interactions between a non-consumable electrode and the weld pool and accounts for multiple coupled heat transfer mechanisms: Joule heating, conduction, advection, radiation, and Thomson effect. The conditions considered cover the vast majority of GTAW welding operations. The results are generalized in the form of engineering expressions suitable to be embedded in metamodels, in which the heat source is just a part. Applications include penetration and width of welds and deposition rate in external-wire WAAM.

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A comparison between different numerical formulations for welding arc representations

Cited by 17 publications

References 7 publications

Arc instabilities during split anode calorimetry with the TIG welding process

Arc instabilities during split anode calorimetry with the TIG welding process

Investigation of low current gas tungsten arc welding using split anode calorimetry

General expressions for heat distribution, pressure, and current density in argon welding arcs

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