A Comparative Transcriptome Between Anti-drug Sensitive and Resistant Candida auris in China

Abstract

Candida auris emerged as a pathogenic species of fungus that causes severe and invasive outbreaks worldwide. The fungus exhibits high intrinsic resistance rates to various first-line antifungals, and the underlying molecular mechanism responsible for its multidrug resistance is still unclear. In this study, a transcriptomic analysis was performed between two C. auris isolates that exhibited different anti-drug patterns by RNA-sequencing, namely, CX1 (anti-drug sensitive) and CX2 (resistant). Transcriptomic analysis results revealed 541 upregulated and 453 downregulated genes in the resistant C. auris strain compared with the susceptible strain. In addition, our findings highlight the presence of potential differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which may play a role in drug resistance, including genes involved in ergosterol and efflux pump biosynthesis such as SNQ2, CDR4, ARB1, MDR1, MRR1, and ERG genes. We also found that Hsp related genes were upregulated for expression in the anti-drug-resistant strain. Biofilm formation and growth conditions were also compared between the two isolates. Our study provides novel clues for future studies in terms of understanding multidrug resistance mechanisms of C. auris strains.

Ginsenoside Rg1 as a promising adjuvant agent for enhancing the anti-cancer functions of granulocytes inhibited by noradrenaline

“…We performed transcriptome analysis to explore the immunoprotective mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 on the anti-cancer functions of granulocytes inhibited by NA ( 43 ). In this study, we performed a comparative RNA-seq analysis on four groups (NA group vs Control group, NA + Rg1 group vs NA group, and Rg1 group vs Control group) including 12 samples (Control 1, Control 2, Control 3, NA 1, NA 2, NA 3, Rg1 1, Rg1 2, Rg1 3, NA + Rg1 1, NA + Rg1 2, and NA + Rg1 3).…”

“…We performed transcriptome analysis to explore the immunoprotective mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 on the anti-cancer functions of granulocytes inhibited by NA (43). In this study, we performed a comparative RNA-seq analysis on four groups ( The screening conditions for differentially expressed genes are as follows: FC ≥ 2 and P < 0.05.…”

Transcriptomics and Phenotyping Define Genetic Signatures Associated with Echinocandin Resistance in Candida auris

“…Of note, small transcriptomic alterations also occur among isolates with divergent antifungal susceptibility profiles ( 33 ). Also of note, a recent report detected almost 1,000 differentially expressed genes between azole-resistant and -susceptible C. auris isolates ( 65 ). This seems surprising as clade I as well as clade III isolates of C. auris display the lowest intraclade genetic diversities ( 13 ).…”

Phenotypic Investigation of Virulence Factors, Susceptibility to Ceragenins, and the Impact of Biofilm Formation on Drug Efficacy in Candida auris Isolates from Türkiye

“…The complete genome of C. auris has been unveiled in recent years; therefore, research into the genes and gene products responsible for its virulence and pathogenicity remains limited. Studies indicate that numerous genes exhibit either upregulation or downregulation during the synthesis of lytic enzymes, such as phospholipase [34]. In a case report by Kumar et al (2015), proteinase, phospholipase, and hemolysin activity were determined in a C. auris strain isolated from vulvovaginal candidiasis [35].…”

“…It has been observed that, as the biofilm matures, the genes encoding ABC transporter proteins like CDR1, SNQ2, and YHD3 become activated. Additionally, agglutinin-like sequence (ALS) proteins ALS1 and ALS5 may play a role in contributing to biofilm formation [34,45]. Biofilm studies with C. auris from different geographical clades confirmed that the biofilm-forming feature of C. auris is a critical virulence factor [38,46].…”